Authoritarianism and marketisation in higher education:implications of China’s rise for cosmopolitan academic citizenship
Authoritarianism and marketisation in higher education:implications of China’s rise for cosmopolitan academic citizenship
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高等教育中的威权主义与市场化：中国崛起对国际化学术公民的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
E. Pils
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Burnay;E. Pils
摘要学术公民身份一直被认为是学术和教学机构的核心属性。根据这里采用的规范概念，学术公民包括参与和服务于社会。它本质上是一种世界性和自由民主的思想，因为它的重点是促进学术思想的自由交流，为社会服务，不分国界。然而，虽然学术公民的世界性概念与自由民主国家的法律和政治在广义上是兼容的，但它与专制的政治法律秩序存在冲突，例如中华人民共和国，它在某些情况下将公民身份转变为镇压和人口控制的工具。本文共分为三个部分。我们开始通过发展一个世界性的概念，使我们能够分析和评估学术界的成员和学术自由之间的联系的学术公民。我们将学术公民的世界主义概念与学术公民的市场化和威权主义概念并列（1）。然后，我们讨论了中国政府的专制进步影响国外学术自由的方式，认为普遍的，简化的，市场化的学术公民概念使学术机构特别脆弱。最后，我们批判性地评估国家和非国家行为者对这些挑战的反应（3）。我们认为，世界性的学术公民意识需要从根本上重新思考中国及其他地区保护和促进学术自由的现有机制和举措。
ABSTRACT Academic citizenship has long been recognised as a core aspect of belonging to institutions of scholarship and teaching. According to the normative conception adopted here, academic citizenship encompasses engagement with and service to society. It is an inherently cosmopolitan and liberal-democratic idea, because its point is the promotion of the free exchange of academic ideas in the service of society, regardless of national borders. Yet, while a cosmopolitan conception of academic citizenship is broadly speaking compatible with the laws and politics of liberal democracies bound to safeguard academic freedom, it is in tension with authoritarian political-legal orders, such as that of the People’s Republic of China, which has in certain contexts transformed citizenship into an instrument of repression and population control. The paper is divided into three parts. We begin by developing a cosmopolitan conception of academic citizenship that allows us to analyse and assess the connection between membership of the academic community and academic freedom. We juxtapose the cosmopolitan conception of academic citizenship with marketised and authoritarian conceptions of academic citizenship (1). We then discuss the ways in which the Chinese government’s authoritarian advance impacts academic freedom abroad, arguing that a prevalent, reductionist, marketised conception of academic citizenship renders academic institutions particularly vulnerable (2). Finally, we critically assess state and non-state actor responses to these challenges (3). We argue that a cosmopolitan understanding of academic citizenship requires a fundamental rethinking of the existing mechanisms and initiatives to protect and promote academic freedom in China and beyond.