A glimpse into the deep of the Antarctic Polar Front - Diversity and abundance of abyssal molluscs
A glimpse into the deep of the Antarctic Polar Front - Diversity and abundance of abyssal molluscs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.003
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wuerzberg, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joerger, K. M.;Schroedl, M.;Wuerzberg, L.
我们对深海底栖动物的生物多样性和分布模式的了解仍然有限，世界上大部分的深渊尚未探索，缺乏跨海洋盆地的CC分类数据，特别是海洋之间的地理过渡区。南极极锋区被认为是阻碍亚南极和南极省之间动物交流和保护南大洋底栖生物高比例特有性的主要地理障碍。在本研究中，我们首先报告了在南极极地考察队第二次考察期间（南大洋中的Ekleem耦合，RV Polarstern巡航ANT XXVIII/3），通过底表雪橇从南极极地锋附近的四个半深海分别深海站（2 732 - 4 327米深）取样的软体动物的探索性a-分类。我们确定了58个不同的软体动物类群的外部形态（“形态种”）的基础上，成功地分配到所描述的物种的33个类群的94%以前报道从南大洋，但24%的分布范围跨越极锋。在南极沃茨首次发现一只北大西洋舟足类动物。我们的研究支持南极极地锋并不能作为阻止深海软体动物基因流动的有效屏障。目前的数据集显示了深海取样的一般特点：分布零散和高度单一。软体动物丰度总体较低，在3.60和24.65 ind./ 1000米（2），但与赤道和亚热带深海盆地相比，腹足类物种丰富度和丰度达到了与南极高海拔站相似的高值。沿沿着极锋的高生产力和低生产力区之间的比较表明，在高生产力区的丰度和物种丰富度增加。但是，需要加强采样，以克服随机误差，并评估碳通量作为深海软体动物区系组成和丰度驱动因素的影响。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Our knowledge of the biodiversity and distribution patterns of benthic deep-sea faunas is still limited, with large parts of the world's abyss unexplored, lacking cc-taxonomic data across oceans basins and especially of biogeographic transition zones between oceans. The Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone has been discussed as major biogeographic barrier hindering faunal exchange between Subantarctic and Antarctic provinces and conserving high rates of endemism in the Southern Ocean benthos. In the present study we report first, exploratory a-taxonomy on the malacofauna sampled by means of an epibenthic sledge from four bathyal respectively abyssal stations (2732-4327 m depth) in the vicinity of the Antarctic Polar Front during the SYSTCO II expedition (SYSTem COupling in the Southern Ocean, RV Polarstern cruise ANT XXVIII/3). We identified 58 distinct molluscan taxa based on external morphology ('morphospecies'); of the 33 taxa successfully assigned to described species 94% were previously reported from the Southern Ocean, but 24% exhibit distribution ranges crossing the Polar Front. One North Atlantic scaphopod is reported for the first time in Antarctic waters. Our study supports that the Antarctic Polar Front does not serve as effective barrier preventing gene flow in deep-sea molluscs. The present dataset shows the general characteristics of deep-sea sampling: patchiness in distribution and a high degree of singletons. Overall molluscan abundances were generally low ranging between 3.60 and 24.65 ind./1000 m(2), but in comparison with equatorial and subtropic abyssal basins, gastropod species richness and abundance were reaching high values similar to high Antarctic stations. Comparison between high productivity and low productivity zones along the Polar Front suggests increased abundances and species richness in high productivity zones. Intensified sampling is needed, however, to outweigh stochastic errors and to evaluate the influence of carbon flux as driving factor to faunal composition and abundances of abyssal molluscs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.