Ustilago maydis, model system for analysis of the molecular basis of fungal pathogenicity
Ustilago maydis, model system for analysis of the molecular basis of fungal pathogenicity
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00210.x
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Steinberg, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basse, CW;Steinberg, G
玉米黑粉菌(Ustilago Maydis)是一种兼性生物营养担子菌，引起玉米黑穗病。这种疾病的一个特点是诱导大的植物肿瘤，其中充满了大量的黑色冬孢子。在过去的15年里，玉米单胞菌已经成为揭示真菌植物致病分子机制的重要模式系统。这篇综述重点介绍了复杂信号通路的分子机制的最新见解，这些信号通路参与了从萌发到丝状生长的转变，并在致病生长阶段运行。此外，我们还描述了在理解玉米小豆不同发育阶段形态发生和极地生长的结构基础方面的最新进展。分类：玉米黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis(DC)Corda)(与玉米黑粉菌(Ustilago zeae Ung.)同义)-真核界、真菌门、担子菌目、黑粉菌科、黑粉菌属。寄主范围：侵染玉米地上部分(Zea Mays)及其先祖玉米(Zea Mays SSP)。小球藻)。玉米黑粉病广泛分布于世界各地。病害症状：玉米黑粉病引起疫区黄化病变，花青素色素形成，感染器官坏死、增生、肥大。玉米单胞菌的感染会抑制植株的发育，并导致植株发育迟缓。感染几天后，植物肿瘤生长，真菌大量增殖，形成黑色素的二倍体冬孢子。在自然条件下，肿瘤主要发生在性器官(流苏和耳朵)、茎和节芽上。肿瘤可能大小不一，从微小的脓疱疹到直径几厘米，并含有多达2000亿个孢子。
Ustilago maydis, a facultative biotrophic basidiomycete fungus, causes smut disease in maize. A hallmark of this disease is the induction of large plant tumours that are filled with masses of black-pigmented teliospores. During the last 15 years U. maydis has become an important model system to unravel molecular mechanisms of fungal phytopathogenicity. This review highlights recent insights into molecular mechanisms of complex signalling pathways that are involved in the transition from budding to filamentous growth and operate during the pathogenic growth phase. in addition, we describe recent progress in understanding the structural basis of morphogenesis and polar growth in different stages of U. maydis development. Finally, we present an overview of recently identified genes related to pathogenic development and summarize novel molecular and genomic approaches that are powerful tools to explore the genetic base of pathogenicity.Taxonomy: Ustilago maydis (DC) Corda (synonymous with Ustilago zeae Ung.)-Kingdom Eukaryota, Phylum Fungi, Order Basidiomycota, Family Ustilaginomycetes, Genus Ustilago.Host range: Infects aerial parts of corn plants (Zea mays) and its progenitor teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis). Maize smut is distributed throughout the world.Disease symptoms: U. maydis causes chlorotic lesions in infected areas, the formation of anthocyanin pigments, necrosis, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of infected organs. infection by U. maydis can inhibit development and lead to stunting of infected plants. A few days after infection plant tumours develop in which massive fungal proliferation and the formation of the black-pigmented, diploid teliospores occurs. Under natural conditions tumours predominantly develop on sexual organs (tassels and ears), stems and nodal shoots. Tumours may vary in size from minute pustules to several centimetres in diameter and contain up to 200 billion spores.