THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHONEME DISCRIMINATION, SPEECH PRODUCTION, AND LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION IN CEREBRAL-PALSIED INDIVIDUALS
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHONEME DISCRIMINATION, SPEECH PRODUCTION, AND LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION IN CEREBRAL-PALSIED INDIVIDUALS
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DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3302.210
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发表时间：
1990-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
ROBSON, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BISHOP, DVM;BROWN, BB;ROBSON, J
24个人与受损的语言（构音障碍或构音障碍）进行了比较，接受语言的测试与正常的语音对照组。所有受试者均为脑瘫患者，各组在年龄和非语言能力上相匹配。在一项音素辨别任务中，有语言障碍的受试者的表现不如控制组，在这项任务中，他们被要求判断成对的非词是相同的还是不同的。在接受性词汇测试中，他们也相对于对照组受损，但在语法结构的理解方面没有受损。一年后，在这个样本中重新评估了音素辨别技能，使用另一个相同-不同的任务，加上一个新的任务，其中要求受试者判断图片的名称是否正确或被一个声音改变。言语障碍的主题执行以及控制的单词判断任务，表明他们可以区分音素对比充分。然而，同样的不同任务再次导致了非常显着的差异之间的言语障碍和控制组。它的结论是，在相同的不同的任务表现不佳反映了弱记忆的新的音位字符串，而不是受损的音素知觉。有人提出，保留不熟悉的单词是由公开或隐蔽的重复促进，所以个人谁不能流利地说，很难记住非单词。这一解释既可以解释言语障碍者在同异任务中表现不佳的原因，也可以解释他们在词汇习得中的选择性缺陷。
Twenty-four individuals with impaired speech (anarthria or dysarthria) were compared on tests of receptive language to a control group with normal speech. All subjects were cerebral-palsied and groups were matched on age and nonverbal ability. The speech-impaired subjects performed less well than controls on a phoneme discrimination task in which they were required to judge whether pairs of nonwords were the same or different. They were also impaired relative to controls on a receptive vocabulary test, but not in understanding of grammatical structure. One year later, phoneme discrimination skills were reassessed in this sample, using another same-different task, plus a new task in which subjects were required to judge if the name of a picture was spoken correctly or altered by one sound. Speech-impaired subjects performed as well as controls on the word judgment task, indicating that they can discriminate phoneme contrasts adequately. However, the same-different task again resulted in highly significant differences between speech-impaired and control groups. It is concluded that poor performance on the same-different task reflects weak memory for novel phonological strings, rather than impaired phoneme perception. It is proposed that retention of unfamiliar words is facilitated by overt or covert repetition, so individuals who cannot speak fluently have difficulty remembering nonwords. This explanation can account both for the poor performance of speech-impaired subjects on the same-different task, and for their selective deficit in vocabulary acquisition.