Redefining Global Strategy: Crossing Borders in a World Where Differences Still Matter
Redefining Global Strategy: Crossing Borders in a World Where Differences Still Matter
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重新定义全球战略：在差异仍然重要的世界中跨越国界
DOI：
10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400414
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
A. Rugman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Rugman
国际商业学者对全球化有着全面的理解，因此，当前的学术研究与最近的新闻畅销书中的“扁平世界”假设相矛盾（弗里德曼，2005）也就不足为奇了。仔细的分析表明，按照里克尔白的比较优势理论，世界不是一个无缝的、没有摩擦的世界，而是一个充满尖峰和集团的世界。审视世界经济地图，聚集和联系经济不可避免地补充了比较优势，因此经济活动在北美、欧洲（包括大洋洲）和日本这三个“三位一体”区域仍然处于高峰（佛罗里达，2005年; Hirschman，1977年）。在创新方面，这种尖锐性甚至更大，从许多方面来看，非三合会国家几乎没有注册（佛罗里达，2008）。这些尖刺从何而来？部分原因在于，三位一体地区也以北美自由贸易协定和欧盟的形式发挥贸易集团的作用。大多数公司发现，与其他地区的经济活动相比，其所在地区的经济活动仍然更便宜，更容易和更有效。在对Ghemawat关于半全球化的及时工作的精细分析中，Rugman发现了他自己对区域战略的研究的共鸣：很少有公司跨越整个“平坦”的世界。距离并没有消失，大多数公司都发现，就像《绿野仙踪》中的多萝西一样，没有地方比得上家。
International business scholars have a comprehensive understanding of globalization, so it should come as no surprise that current academic research contradicts the ‘‘flat world’’hypothesis of recent journalistic best sellers (Friedman, 2005). Careful analysis reveals not a seamless and frictionless world following the precepts of Ricardian comparative advantage, but rather a world of spikes and blocs. Examining an economic map of the world, it is inescapable that agglomeration and linkage economies complement comparative advantage so that economic activity still spikes in the Triad regions of North America, Europe (including Oceania) and Japan (Florida, 2005; Hirschman, 1977). The spikiness is even greater for innovation, where by many measures non-Triad countries barely register (Florida, 2008). Where does all this spikiness come from?Part of the answer lies in the fact that the Triad regions also function as trading blocs in the form of NAFTA and the EU. Most firms find that economic activity within their home region remains cheaper, easier and more efficient than economic activity in other regions. In a fine analysis of Ghemawat’s timely work on semi-globalization, Rugman finds resonance with his own research on regional strategies: very few firms span the entirety of a ‘‘flat’’world. Distance is not dead, and most firms discover, like Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz, that there is no place like home.