Binary matrices and checkerboard distributions of birds in the Bismarck Archipelago
Binary matrices and checkerboard distributions of birds in the Bismarck Archipelago
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02506.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Connor, Edward F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins, Michael D.;Simberloff, Daniel;Connor, Edward F.
目的研究竞争驱动的社区集会规则的概念，制定了一个存在-不存在矩阵的俾斯麦群岛的鸟类区系，以确定数据是否支持广泛的竞争决定的地理分布。位置俾斯麦群岛。方法在31个海岛调查了154种陆地和淡水鸟类。我们计算了观察到的所有物种对，同源物种对和对公会内的物种棋盘的数量，并采用随机化技术来检测不寻常的同现patterns.Results相比，随机预期，有过剩的棋盘对内属和定义的公会，但详细的检查表明，竞争是一个令人信服的可能的解释在少数情况下。对于许多棋盘对，物种不是广泛散布的，而是区域性异地分布的，这可能反映了历史地理和扩散限制。大多数同类和intraguild棋盘包括一个物种被列为超级流浪汉，当超级流浪汉被省略，有11个同类棋盘和4 intraguild，但heterogeneous checkerboards.Main结论在隔离，存在-不存在矩阵提供有限的洞察力，在结构化的鸟类群落的俾斯麦竞争的作用。一个主要的问题是将群岛的历史地理和殖民历史与该物种的当今生态分开。从地理上明确的角度和殖民路线的知识检查观察到的棋盘表明，许多棋盘可能导致，至少部分，从历史地理和超级流浪汉。虽然物种可能会被迫进入超级流浪汉的地位竞争，其他因素（如栖息地偏好）可能是因果关系，和地理分布本身不能区分的原因。
Aim We examine a presenceabsence matrix of the avifauna of the Bismarck Archipelago, for which the concept of competitively driven community assembly rules was formulated, to determine whether data support widespread competitive determination of geographical distributions.Location Bismarck Archipelago. Methods We obtained occurrences of 154 land and freshwater bird species on 31 islands. We calculated the observed number of checkerboards for all species pairs, for congeneric species pairs and for pairs of species within guilds, and employed randomization techniques to detect unusual co-occurrence patterns.Results Compared with random expectations, there are excesses of checkerboard pairs within both genera and defined guilds, but a detailed examination shows that competition is a cogent possible explanation in few instances. For many checkerboard pairs, species are not widely interspersed but are regionally allopatric, which probably reflects historical biogeography and dispersal limitation. Most congeneric and intraguild checkerboards include a species classified as a supertramp; when supertramps are omitted, there are 11 congeneric checkerboards and four intraguild but heterogeneric checkerboards.Main conclusions In isolation, presence-absence matrices provide limited insight into the role of competition in structuring bird communities of the Bismarcks. A major problem is disentangling historical geography and colonization history of the archipelago from the present-day ecology of the species. Examination of observed checkerboards from a geographically explicit perspective and with knowledge of colonization routes suggests that many checkerboards are likely to result, at least in part, from historical biogeography and supertramps. Although species may be forced into supertramp status by competition, other factors (e.g. habitat preference) may be causal, and biogeographical distributions alone cannot distinguish between causes.