The neural consequences of conflict between intention and the senses
The neural consequences of conflict between intention and the senses
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/122.3.497
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Dolan, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fink, GR;Marshall, JC;Dolan, RJ
正常的感觉运动状态包括意图、动作和感觉反馈的整合。例如，当我们在空间中移动肢体时，运动意图和感觉体验(本体感觉和视觉体验)之间的一致性，这种以目标为导向的行动需要一种监控感觉运动输入的机制，以确保运动输出与当前的意图一致。在这个意义上，监控通常是隐含的和自动的，但每当预期和实现的感觉运动状态之间存在不匹配时，监控就会变得有意识。为了研究后一种类型的监测是如何实现的，我们在健康志愿者中进行了三个全因素功能神经成像实验，使用PET测量相对局部脑血流量。在第一个实验中，受试者被要求执行Luria的双手协调任务，其中包括同相(条件1和3)或异相(条件2和4)的双手动作(因素1)，同时看着他们的左手。在一半的条件(条件3和条件4)中，使用了一面镜子，通过用右手的镜像代替他们的左手来改变视觉反馈(因素2)。因此，(在危急状态4)受试者看到了同相运动，尽管进行了不同阶段的运动。这种意图、本体感觉和视觉反馈之间的错配导致认知冲突，非同步运动的主要影响与双侧顶叶后皮质(PPC)[Brodmann区(BA)40，延伸至BA7]和背外侧前额叶皮质(DLPFC)神经活动增加(BA9/46)有关。镜像的主要作用仅表现为右侧DLPFC(BA9/46)和右侧上PPC(BA7)的神经活动增加，临界相互作用分析表明，错配条件仅导致右侧DLPFC(BA9/46)的特异性激活。研究2使用相同的实验设置，但操纵右手(而不是左手)的视觉反馈，随后证明这种右侧DLPFC的激活不依赖于被照看的手。最后，研究3通过被动地移动被试的手来去除运动意图成分，从而导致本体感觉和视觉之间的错配。与研究1或研究2相比，右侧前额叶皮质的激活现在更偏向腹侧(BA 44/45)。对研究1和研究3(这两个研究都操纵左手的视觉反馈)的直接比较证实，腹侧右侧前额叶区域主要由来自感觉系统的信号之间的差异激活，而右侧前额叶皮质更背侧的区域在面对意图和感觉结果之间的冲突时必须保持行动时被激活。
Normal sensorimotor states involve integration of intention, action and sensory feedback. An example is the congruence between motor intention and sensory experience (both proprioceptive and visual) when we move a limb through space, Such goal-directed action necessitates a mechanism that monitors sensorimotor inputs to ensure that motor outputs are congruent with current intentions. Monitoring in this sense is usually implicit and automatic but becomes conscious whenever there is a mismatch between expected and realized sensorimotor states. To investigate how the latter type of monitoring is achieved we conducted three fully factorial functional neuroimaging experiments using PET measures of relative regional cerebral blood flow with healthy volunteers. In the first experiment subjects were asked to perform Luria's bimanual co-ordination task which involves either in-phase (conditions 1 and 3) or out-of-phase (conditions 2 and 4) bimanual movements (factor one), while looking towards their left hand. In half of the conditions (conditions 3 and 4) a mirror was used that altered visual feedback (factor two) by replacing their left hand with the mirror image of their right hand. Hence (in the critical condition 4) subjects saw in-phase movements despite performing out-of-phase movements. This mismatch between intention, proprioception and visual feedback engendered cognitive conflict, The main effect of out-of-phase movements was associated with increased neural activity in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) bilaterally [Brodmann area (BA) 40, extending into BA 7] and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally (BA 9/46). The main effect of the mirror showed increased neural activity in right DLPFC (BA 9/46) and right superior PPC (BA 7) only, Analysis of the critical interaction revealed that the mismatch condition led to a specific activation in the right DLPFC alone (BA 9/46). Study 2, using an identical experimental setup but manipulating visual feedback from the right hand (instead of the left), subsequently demonstrated that this right DLPFC activation was independent of the hand attended. Finally, study 3 removed the motor intentional component by moving the subjects' hand passively, thus engendering a mismatch between proprioception and vision only. Activation in the right lateral prefrontal cortex was now more ventral than in studies 1 or 2 (BA 44/45). A direct comparison of studies 1 and 3 (which both manipulated visual feedback from the left hand) confirmed that a ventral right lateral prefrontal region is primarily activated by discrepancies between signals from sensory systems, while a more dorsal area in right lateral prefrontal cortex is activated when actions must be maintained in the face of a conflict between intention and sensory outcome.