Learning by embryos and the ghost of predation future
Learning by embryos and the ghost of predation future
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.0754
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发表时间：
2008-11-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Chivers, Douglas P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mathis, Alicia;Ferrari, Maud C. O.;Chivers, Douglas P.
大多数关于胚胎发育过程中暴露于压力刺激的影响的研究都集中在胚胎后出现异常或适应不良的行为上。在这里，我们测试了暴露于一些压力刺激（捕食线索）是否会导致适应性的胚胎后行为。当环蝾螈（Ambystoma annulatum）的卵暴露于捕食者的化学信号时，孵化后的幼虫表现出活动减少和更大的寻求庇护的行为;暴露于控制信号的幼虫没有表现出这些行为。此外，林蛙（林蛙）蝌蚪学会了回应化学线索，从陌生的捕食者与危险的基础上胚胎条件反射。因此，如果胚胎期的经验是未来风险的良好预测因素，那么在发育过程中与暴露于负面刺激相关的学习可能是适应性的。
Most research on the effects of exposure to stressful stimuli during embryonic development has focused on post-embryonic behaviour that appears to be abnormal or maladaptive. Here, we tested whether exposure to some stressful stimuli (predatory cues) can lead to post-embryonic behaviour that is adaptive. When eggs of ringed salamanders (Ambystoma annulatum) were exposed to chemical cues from predators, post-hatching larvae showed reduced activity and greater shelter-seeking behaviour; larvae that had been exposed to control cues did not show these behaviours. In addition, wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles learned to respond to chemical cues from unfamiliar predators with danger based on embryonic conditioning. Therefore, if embryonic experience is a good predictor of future risk, learning associated with exposure to negative stimuli during development may be adaptive.