Individual and nomothetic models of job stress: An examination of work hours, cohesion, and well-being
Individual and nomothetic models of job stress: An examination of work hours, cohesion, and well-being
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02291.x
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发表时间：
1996-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Halverson, RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bliese, PD;Halverson, RR
许多关于工作压力的模型都是基于这样一种假设，即个体对环境的感知和反应方式有相当大的差异。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了一种关于工作压力的比喻视角。唯物论的观点认为，尽管个体存在差异，但个体群体对相似工作环境的看法和反应将是一致的。为了对比个体和名词的观点，我们分析了来自99个群体的7382名受访者的数据。在分析中，我们使用真实的群体和随机形成的群体来检查个人和群体层面的关系。结果显示，同一工作组的受访者对工作氛围的看法是一致的。研究结果还表明，个体视角和典故视角在描述凝聚力和心理幸福感之间的关系时都是有用的。然而，工作时间和心理健康之间的关系是从比喻的角度进行最佳建模的。
Many models of job stress are implicitly based on the assumption that there is considerable variability in how individuals perceive and respond to their environments. In this paper, we introduce a nomothetic perspective of job stress. The nomothetic perspective assumes that despite individual differences there will be consistencies in how groups of individuals perceive and respond to similar work environments. To contrast the individual and nomothetic perspectives, we analyzed data from 7,382 respondents from 99 groups. In the analyses, we examined individual- and group-level relationships using both real groups and randomly formed groups. The results revealed that respondents from the same work group agreed about perceptions of the work climate. The results also revealed that both individual and nomothetic perspectives were useful in describing the relationship between cohesion and psychological well-being. The relationship between work hours and psychological well-being, however, was best modeled from a nomothetic perspective.