Tests of ecogeographical relationships in a non-native species: what rules avian morphology?
Tests of ecogeographical relationships in a non-native species: what rules avian morphology?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-016-3590-9
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Symonds, Matthew R. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cardilini, Adam P. A.;Buchanan, Katherine L.;Symonds, Matthew R. E.
非本地物种经历快速适应性变化的能力为通过自然实验研究当代进化提供了机会。考虑到非本地物种在相对较短的时间内已被证明符合的生态地理规则，这种能力尤其正确。生态地理学规则解释了形态学、生理学、生活史和行为的可预测空间模式。我们测试了澳大利亚人口的非本地八哥，普通的，介绍了该国约150年前，表现出预测的环境倾斜的身体大小，附件的大小和心脏的大小（伯格曼的，艾伦的和黑森的规则，分别）。2011年至2012年，从澳大利亚东部的28个地点收集了成年椋鸟（n = 411）。线性模型的构建，以检查形态和当地环境之间的关系。在身体质量和法案表面积的变化模式是一致的伯格曼和艾伦的规则，分别（小的身体尺寸和较大的法案尺寸在温暖的气候），夏季最高温度是一个强有力的加权预测这两个变量。在迄今为止唯一的鸟类种内黑森法则测试中，我们没有发现任何证据支持生活在寒冷气候中的个体的相对心脏大小会更大的想法。我们的研究确实提供了证据，表明最高温度是澳大利亚椋鸟形态适应的一个强大驱动力。这里提出的形态学的变化表明鸟类物种的潜力，使快速适应变化的气候变化，以改善热应激的影响。
The capacity of non-native species to undergo rapid adaptive change provides opportunities to research contemporary evolution through natural experiments. This capacity is particularly true when considering ecogeographical rules, to which non-native species have been shown to conform within relatively short periods of time. Ecogeographical rules explain predictable spatial patterns of morphology, physiology, life history and behaviour. We tested whether Australian populations of non-native starling, Sturnus vulgaris, introduced to the country approximately 150 years ago, exhibited predicted environmental clines in body size, appendage size and heart size (Bergmann's, Allen's and Hesse's rules, respectively). Adult starlings (n = 411) were collected from 28 localities from across eastern Australia from 2011 to 2012. Linear models were constructed to examine the relationships between morphology and local environment. Patterns of variation in body mass and bill surface area were consistent with Bergmann's and Allen's rules, respectively (small body size and larger bill size in warmer climates), with maximum summer temperature being a strongly weighted predictor of both variables. In the only intraspecific test of Hesse's rule in birds to date, we found no evidence to support the idea that relative heart size will be larger in individuals which live in colder climates. Our study does provide evidence that maximum temperature is a strong driver of morphological adaptation for starlings in Australia. The changes in morphology presented here demonstrate the potential for avian species to make rapid adaptive changes in relation to a changing climate to ameliorate the effects of heat stress.