Cumulative environmental change: Conceptual frameworks, evaluation approaches, and institutional perspectives
Cumulative environmental change: Conceptual frameworks, evaluation approaches, and institutional perspectives
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累积环境变化：概念框架、评估方法和制度视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Smit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Spaling;B. Smit
累积性环境变化或累积效应可能是同一性质的个别行动的累加效应或不同性质的多个行动的相互作用效应的结果。本文回顾了累积环境变化的概念框架，并描述了累积效应评估（CEA）的分析和制度方法。因果模型是一种常见的理论构建，尽管框架对模型不同组成部分的强调有所不同。CEA有两种广泛的方法：一种是科学的，另一种是面向规划的。这些方法不应被解释为相互竞争的范例，而应被解释为对CEA范围的不同解释。每种方法都可以为累积效应的分析、评估和管理提供独特但互补的贡献。比较加拿大和美国对环境影响评估的体制和立法反应表明，加拿大正在效仿美国的做法，将对累积影响的分析和评估纳入也管理环境影响评估的管制行动和行政程序。
Cumulative environmental change or cumulative effects may result from the additive effect of individual actions of the same nature or the interactive effect of multiple actions of a different nature. This article reviews conceptual frameworks of cumulative environmental change and describes analytical and institutional approaches to cumulative effects assessment (CEA). A causal model is a common theoretical construct, although the frameworks vary in their emphasis on different components of the model. Two broad approaches to CEA are distinguished: one scientific and the other planning oriented. These approaches should not be interpreted as competing paradigms but rather different interpretations of the scope of CEA. Each approach can provide a distinct but complementary contribution to the analysis, assessment, and management of cumulative effects. A comparison of the institutional and legislative response to CEA in Canada and the United States shows that Canada is following the American example of incorporating the analysis and assessment of cumulative effects into regulatory actions and administrative procedures that also govern environmental impact assessment.