Nerve and Nerve Root Biomechanics
Nerve and Nerve Root Biomechanics
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神经和神经根生物力学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Winkelstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kristen J. Nicholson;B. Winkelstein
总之，神经组织的机械反应和相关的损伤机制之间的关系提供了定义相关损伤阈值的基础。神经和神经根是具有特定和重要功能的生物结构，并且其对机械负荷的响应可以具有立即、持久和广泛的后果。特别地，当神经或神经根的机械负荷超过其对损伤的机械耐受性时，可能导致运动和/或感觉缺陷。症状的严重程度和持续时间受机械损伤的影响。在本章中，相关的解剖学和结构的背景下，描述神经和神经根的力学行为的生物力学数据进行了审查。虽然神经和神经根都具有保护其神经元轴突的解剖组织的组成部分，但它们的结构和组成存在明显差异。由于它们的强度和刚度，这些变化导致它们对载荷的机械响应的差异。然而，这两种组织都是时间依赖性的，并表现出粘弹性行为。机械响应中的这些时间依赖性特征意味着，除了力或变形的大小之外，施加机械损伤的加载速率和持续时间可以调节与这些组织的机械加载相关的生理结果。本章回顾了所有这些概念的背景下，生物力学和生理结果。此外，审查目前的工作研究神经和神经根负荷的动物模型，以提供这些结果与临床症状。
Together, the relationship between the mechanical response of neural tissues and the related mechanisms of injury provide a foundation for defining relevant thresholds for injury. The nerves and nerve roots are biologic structures with specific and important functions, and whose response to mechanical loading can have immediate, long-lasting and widespread consequences. In particular, when nerves or nerve roots are mechanically loaded beyond their mechanical tolerance for injury, motor and/or sensory deficits can result. The severity and persistence of the symptoms are modulated by the profile of the mechanical insult. In this chapter, the relevant anatomy, and structure are reviewed in the context of biomechanical data describing the mechanical behavior of nerves and nerve roots. While both nerves and nerve roots have components of their anatomic organization that protect the axons of their neurons, there are distinct differences in their structure and composition. These variations contribute to differences in their mechanical response to loading owing to their strength and stiffness. However, both tissues are time-dependent and exhibit viscoelastic behavior. These time-dependent characteristics in mechanical responses imply that, in addition to the magnitude of force or deformation, the rate of loading and duration of applied mechanical insult can modulate physiologic outcomes associated with mechanical loading to these tissues. This chapter reviews all of these concepts in the context of biomechanics and physiologic outcomes. In addition, a review of current work studying nerve and nerve root loading in animal models is provided in order to relate these outcomes to clinical symptoms.
实验性神经压迫的病理学。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Powell,HC;Myers,RR
通讯作者：
Myers,RR