Vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central Vietnam
Vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central Vietnam
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-9-259
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发表时间：
2010-09-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Cooper, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cuong Do Manh;Beebe, Nigel W.;Cooper, Robert D.
背景资料：疟疾仍然在越南中部的农村社区流行，尽管由于森林砍伐，主要媒介大劣按蚊并不常见。在这些情况下，对负责维持传播的次级媒介知之甚少。需要关于在这些农村社区识别物种的基本信息，以便将传播参数，如生态、行为和病媒状况，分配给适当的物种。在越南中北部广平省张春公社的两个农村-- Khe Ngang和Hang Chuon，在2003 - 2007年的雨季和旱季期间进行了一系列纵向昆虫调查。在这些调查中，按蚊收集在人类登陆渔获物，配对的人类和动物诱饵收集，并从幼虫调查。结果：中华按蚊、乌头按蚊、哈氏按蚊、斑按蚊、萨旺波按蚊和菲律宾按蚊占按蚊区系的80%以上。PCR和序列分析解决了Funestus组、Maculatus组、Hyrcanus组和Dirus复合体的鉴定问题。大多数物种是嗜动物的，虽然所有的物种都可以收集到叮咬人类，但牛和布法罗吸引了更高的密度。大劣按蚊是最嗜热的按蚊种，但不常见，仅占所收集按蚊的1.24%。中华按蚊Anophelessinensis，An. aconitus，安. harrisoni，安. maculatus、斑斑隐翅虫An. sawadwongporni、足斑按蚊（Anopheles peditaeniatus）和中华按蚊（An.菲律宾线虫环子孢子蛋白均为阳性。Heterocyclins在产卵地点的物种之间的偏好，使载体密度高，在潮湿和干燥的季节，允许全年transmission.Conclusions：在越南中北部的农村社区，疟疾传播是由一些按蚊物种，虽然收集的人类主要是嗜动物性的喂养，这种行为允许低水平，但持续的疟疾传播。重要的动物诱饵----牛和布法罗----被放在村里，在这些动物周围进行屏障喷洒可能比目前使用的室内滞留喷洒更有效地减少病媒密度和寿命。
Background: Malaria is still prevalent in rural communities of central Vietnam even though, due to deforestation, the primary vector Anopheles dirus is uncommon. In these situations little is known about the secondary vectors which are responsible for maintaining transmission. Basic information on the identification of the species in these rural communities is required so that transmission parameters, such as ecology, behaviour and vectorial status can be assigned to the appropriate species.Methods: In two rural villages - Khe Ngang and Hang Chuon - in Truong Xuan Commune, Quang Binh Province, north central Vietnam, a series of longitudinal entomological surveys were conducted during the wet and dry seasons from 2003 - 2007. In these surveys anopheline mosquitoes were collected in human landing catches, paired human and animal bait collections, and from larval surveys. Specimens belonging to species complexes were identified by PCR and sequence analysis, incrimination of vectors was by detection of circumsporozoite protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Over 80% of the anopheline fauna was made up of Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles harrisoni, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles sawadwongporni, and Anopheles philippinensis. PCR and sequence analysis resolved identification issues in the Funestus Group, Maculatus Group, Hyrcanus Group and Dirus Complex. Most species were zoophilic and while all species could be collected biting humans significantly higher densities were attracted to cattle and buffalo. Anopheles dirus was the most anthropophilic species but was uncommon making up only 1.24% of all anophelines collected. Anopheles sinensis, An. aconitus, An. harrisoni, An. maculatus, An. sawadwongporni, Anopheles peditaeniatus and An. philippinensis were all found positive for circumsporozoite protein. Heterogeneity in oviposition site preference between species enabled vector densities to be high in both the wet and dry seasons allowing for year round transmission.Conclusions: In rural communities in north central Vietnam, malaria transmission was maintained by a number of anopheline species which though collected feeding on humans were predominantly zoophilic, this behaviour allows for low level but persistent malaria transmission. The important animal baits - cattle and buffalo - were kept in the village and barrier spraying around these animals may be more effective at reducing vector densities and longevity than the currently used indoor residual spraying.