Health in Brazil 5 Violence and injuries in Brazil: the effect, progress made, and challenges ahead
Health in Brazil 5 Violence and injuries in Brazil: the effect, progress made, and challenges ahead
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60053-6
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发表时间：
2011-06-04
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
de Souza Minayo, Maria Cecilia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reichenheim, Michael Eduardo;de Souza, Edinilsa Ramos;de Souza Minayo, Maria Cecilia
尽管有下降的迹象，但在巴西，凶杀和与交通相关的伤亡几乎占所有外部原因死亡的三分之二。2007年，凶杀率为每10万人26.8人，与交通有关的死亡率为每10万人23.5人。家庭暴力可能不会导致那么多的死亡，但它在与暴力有关的发病率中所占的份额很大。这些都是重要的公共卫生问题，会导致巨大的个人和集体成本。青年、黑人和贫穷男子是社区暴力的主要受害者和实施者，而贫穷的黑人妇女和儿童是家庭暴力的主要受害者。地区差异也很大。除了社会文化决定因素外，巴西的许多暴力事件都与滥用酒精和非法药物以及枪支的广泛获得有关。巴西与交通有关的高发病率和死亡率与所选择的运输系统模式有关，这种模式优先使用道路和私家车，而没有提供足够的基础设施。该系统往往装备不善，无法处理违反交通规则的行为。针对暴力和伤害这一重大问题，巴西在立法和行动计划方面取得了很大进展。主要的挑战是评估这些进展，以确定、扩展、整合和延续成功的进展。
Although there are signs of decline, homicides and traffic-related injuries and deaths in Brazil account for almost two-thirds of all deaths from external causes. In 2007, the homicide rate was 26.8 per 100 000 people and traffic-related mortality was 23.5 per 100 000. Domestic violence might not lead to as many deaths, but its share of violence-related morbidity is large. These are important public health problems that lead to enormous individual and collective costs. Young, black, and poor men are the main victims and perpetrators of community violence, whereas poor black women and children are the main victims of domestic violence. Regional differentials are also substantial. Besides the sociocultural determinants, much of the violence in Brazil has been associated with the misuse of alcohol and illicit drugs, and the wide availability of firearms. The high traffic-related morbidity and mortality in Brazil have been linked to the chosen model for the transport system that has given priority to roads and private-car use without offering adequate infrastructure. The system is often poorly equipped to deal with violations of traffic rules. In response to the major problems of violence and injuries, Brazil has greatly advanced in terms of legislation and action plans. The main challenge is to assess these advances to identify, extend, integrate, and continue the successful ones.