Social dynamics and individual hunting tactics of white sharks revealed by biologging
Social dynamics and individual hunting tactics of white sharks revealed by biologging
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2021.0599
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发表时间：
2022-03-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hoyos-Padilla，Mauricio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Papastamatiou，Yannis P.;Mourier，Johann;Hoyos-Padilla，Mauricio
社会觅食，即动物群体觅食，有多种形式，但在海洋捕食者中研究较少，因为在野外测量社会协会具有挑战性。我们使用生物记录（活动，摄像机和遥测接收器）传感器来测量社会协会和同时的行为，在白色鲨鱼（Carcharodon carpidas）关闭瓜达拉哈拉岛，墨西哥。动物携带的遥测接收器显示，鲨鱼形成的协会数量各不相同，最常出现在鲨鱼沿直线路径游泳或经常转弯时。虽然许多关联可能是随机的，但有证据表明存在一些更强的关联。鲨鱼在使用的深度和它们的活动方面各不相同，一些个体在浅水中更活跃，而另一些则在200-300米深的地方更活跃。我们认为，白色鲨鱼与其他个体联系，这样它们就可以在不经意间分享大型猎物的位置或遗骸的信息。然而，在行为和社会性方面可能存在广泛的个体差异。生物记录现在使动物的社会协会被测量，同时测量他们的行为，使大型海洋捕食者的社会觅食可以在野外量化。
Social foraging, where animals forage in groups, takes many forms but is less studied in marine predators as measuring social associations in the wild is challenging. We used biologging (activity, cameras and telemetry receivers) sensors to measure social associations and simultaneous behaviour, in white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) off Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Animal-borne telemetry receivers revealed that sharks varied in the number of associations they formed and occurred most often when sharks were swimming in straight paths or when they were turning frequently. While many associations were likely random, there was evidence of some stronger associations. Sharks varied in the depths they used and their activity, with some individuals more active in shallow water while others were more active 200–300 m deep. We propose that white sharks associate with other individuals so they can inadvertently share information on the location or remains of large prey. However, there may be a wide range of individual variability in both behaviour and sociality. Biologging now enables social associations of animals to be measured, concurrent with measures of their behaviour, so that social foraging of large marine predators can be quantified in the wild.