Interaction of fungal spores with the lungs:: Distribution and retention of inhaled puffball (Calvatia excipuliformis) spores
Interaction of fungal spores with the lungs:: Distribution and retention of inhaled puffball (Calvatia excipuliformis) spores
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DOI：
10.1067/mai.2000.107753
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Gehr, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geiser, M;Leupin, N;Gehr, P
背景资料：吸入空气中的真菌孢子是众所周知的过敏原携带者，如果我们了解它们的分布模式以及与肺结构的相互作用，将更好地理解吸入空气中真菌孢子的生物反应。目的：为探讨担孢子吸入后的滞留特性，其通常代表空气中孢子负载的主要部分，抽样调查，并分析其在肺内的区域分布及其与肺的相互作用。插管和麻醉的叙利亚金仓鼠吸入马勃菌气雾剂（Calvatia excipuliformis）孢子，空气动力学直径为3.1 μ m，通过自主呼吸（A组，n = 3）或通过持续负压通气（B组，n = 4）。在初始吸入后29分钟内通过血管内灌注固定液固定肺，然后对组织样品进行光镜和电镜检查，结果：立体学肺组织的分离器分析显示最大数量的孢子沉积在肺泡内（A组67.2%，B组89.8%），肺内传导气道保留中等比例肺外主支气管和气管所占比例最低（≤ 0.5%）。沉积的孢子被安置在水性衬里层内，并靠近上皮细胞。在肺内传导气道内，A组中22.3%的孢子和B组中9.0%的孢子被巨噬细胞吞噬。结论：这项研究表明，吸入3 μ m直径的担孢子变得分布在大的表面积上。它还揭示了这些颗粒被表面活性剂（表面力）置换到气道和肺泡的含水衬里层中，从而促进随后的巨噬细胞吞噬。孢子与肺结构的这种相互作用对于由空气传播的真菌过敏原引起的呼吸道过敏的发展可能是重要的。
Background: The biologic responses to inhaled airborne fungal spores, which are well-known allergen carriers, would be better understood if we had an insight into their pattern of distribution and interaction with lung structures.Objectives: To investigate the retention characteristics of inhaled basidiospores, which often represent the major portion of the spore load in air-sampling surveys and to analyze their regional distribution within and interaction with the lungs.Methods: Intubated and anesthetized Syrian Golden hamsters inhaled aerosols of puffball (Calvatia excipuliformis) spores, with an aerodynamic diameter of 3.1 mu m, either by spontaneous breathing (group A, n = 3) or by continuous negative-pressure ventilation (group B, n = 4). Lungs were fixed by intravascular perfusion of fixative solution within 29 minutes of the initial inhalation, and tissue samples were then professed for light and electron microscopy,Results: Stereological (fractionator) analysis of lung tissue revealed that the greatest number of spores was deposited within the alveoli (67.2% in group A and 89.8% in group B), The intrapulmonary conducting airways retained an intermediate proportion (32.3% in group A and 10.0% in group B), whereas the extrapulmonary mainstem bronchi and trachea held the lowest proportion (0.5% or less). Deposited spores were lodged within the aqueous lining layer and in close proximity to the epithelial cells. Within the intrapulmonary conducting airways, 22.3% of the spores in group A and 9.0% of those in group B had been engulfed by macrophages.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that inhaled 3-mu m-diameter basidiospores become distributed over a large surface area. It also reveals that such particles are displaced by surfactant (surface forces) into the aqueous lining layer of airways and alveoli, thereby facilitating subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages. This interaction of spores with lung structures may be important for the development of respiratory allergies induced by airborne fungal allergens.