Prevalence and demographic correlates of symptoms of last year dependence on alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and cocaine in the US population
Prevalence and demographic correlates of symptoms of last year dependence on alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and cocaine in the US population
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DOI：
10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01315-4
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发表时间：
1997-01-10
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Grant, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kandel, D;Chen, K;Grant, B
美国人口去年使用酒精，香烟，大麻和可卡因的流行率以及去年每种药物使用者去年依赖性的代理措施的条件流行率被评估为年龄，性别和种族的函数。分析的基础是三个聚合波（1991年，1992年和1993年）的全国代表性样本的一般人口年龄大于或等于12岁的受访者在全国家庭调查药物滥用（n = 87 915）。根据自我报告的依赖症状、关于使用频率和数量的数据以及去年报告的与药物有关的问题，得出了《诊断和统计手册》第四版去年每类药物特定药物依赖的近似值。进行描述性和多变量分析。将香烟包括在药物中，大量的病例和广泛的年龄范围（大于或等于12岁）使我们能够在任何其他数据集中进行药物，年龄，性别和种族比较。然而，依赖性的替代衡量标准有其局限性。五个主要发现是：（1）尼古丁是我们所研究的四种药物中最容易上瘾的;（2）在去年使用酒精和大麻的女性中，青少年比其他年龄组的女性更容易上瘾;（3）去年依赖酒精的有条件流行率，大麻和可卡因在青少年女性中的比例高于青少年男性，但只有可卡因存在显著差异;（4）在成年人中，男性对酒精和大麻的依赖率高于女性，但对尼古丁的依赖率低于女性;（5）在去年的使用者中，白人比任何其他种族群体更有可能依赖尼古丁，而黑人更有可能依赖可卡因。版权所有（C）1997 Elsevier Science爱尔兰有限公司
The prevalence of last year use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and cocaine in the U.S. population and conditional prevalence of a proxy measure of last year dependence among last year users of each drug class were assessed as a function of age, gender and ethnicity. Analyses were based on three aggregated waves (1991, 1992 and 1993) of the nationally representative samples of the general population aged greater than or equal to 12 interviewed in the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse (n = 87 915). An approximation of DSM-IV drug-specific last year dependence for each drug class was derived from self-reported symptoms of dependence, data on frequency and quantity of use and drug-related problems reported for the last year. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted. The inclusion of cigarettes among the drugs, the large number of cases and the wide age range of respondents (greater than or equal to 12) enable us to make drug, age, gender and ethnic comparisons not otherwise possible in any other data set. The proxy measure of dependence, however, has limitations. The five major findings are that: (1) nicotine is the most addictive of the four drugs we examined; (2) among female last year users of alcohol and marijuana, adolescents are significantly more at risk for dependence than any other age group of women; (3) conditional prevalences of last year dependence on alcohol, marijuana and cocaine are higher among adolescent females than adolescent males but significantly different only for cocaine; (4) among adults, the rates of dependence are higher among males than among females for alcohol and marijuana, but lower for nicotine; and (5) among last year users, whites are more likely than any other ethnic group to be dependent on nicotine and blacks to be dependent on cocaine. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.