z -GAL: A NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey of bright Herschel galaxies I. Overview
z -GAL: A NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey of bright Herschel galaxies I. Overview
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z -GAL：明亮赫歇尔星系的 NOEMA 光谱红移巡天 I. 概述
DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/202346801
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Cox P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cox P
利用IRAM北方扩展毫米波阵列（NOEMA），我们进行了一个大型计划（z-GAL），对赫歇尔天体物理大区域巡天（H-ATLAS）、爱马仕大模巡天（HeLMS）和赫歇尔条纹82巡天（HerS）探测到的126个亮星系进行了红移测量。我们报告了124个赫歇尔选择星系的可靠光谱红移。红移是从3和2毫米波段（以及对于一个源，1毫米波段）的扫描估计的，每个波段覆盖高达31 GHz，并且基于至少两条发射线的检测。连同试点计划，其中11个来源的光谱红移测量，我们的调查得出了精确的红移为135 brightHerschel选定的星系，使其成为迄今为止最大的样本具有强大的红移高z星系。探测到的发射谱线主要来自12 CO（主要来自J = 2-1 ~ 5-4），在[CI]和H2O发射谱线中也发现了一些源。 光谱红移的范围为0.8 <z<6.55，中值z = 2.56 ± 0.10，集中在星系形成的高峰期。 源的线宽很大，半峰全宽Δ V的平均值为590 ± 25 km s− 1，35%的源的线宽为700 km s−1<ΔV<1800 km s−1。 大部分的源都无法分辨或在102至3″的尺度上几乎无法分辨（或线性尺寸为1015 - 25 kpc，无透镜）。 有些领域揭示了双重或多重来源的线发射和底层的尘埃连续体，在某些情况下，在不同的红移源。考虑到这些来源，总共有165个具有强大光谱红移的独立来源，包括透镜星系，双星系统和过密度。本文概述了z-GAL的调查，并提供了观测到的发射线的性质，衍生的光谱红移，和整个样品的目录。该目录包括每一来源的连续谱和发射谱线的综合图，以及每一探测到的发射谱线的光谱。这里提供的数据将作为本系列中其他GAL论文的基础，报告粉尘排放，分子和原子气体性质，以及对来源性质的详细分析。与其他光谱调查的高zgalaxies和未来的前景，包括专门的后续观测的基础上，这些红移测量进行了比较，概述。
Using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA), we conducted a Large Programme (z-GAL) to measure redshifts for 126 bright galaxies detected in theHerschelAstrophysical Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS), the HerMES Large Mode Survey (HeLMS), and theHerschelStripe 82 (HerS) Survey. We report reliable spectroscopic redshifts for a total of 124 of theHerschel-selected galaxies. The redshifts are estimated from scans of the 3 and 2-mm bands (and, for one source, the 1-mm band), covering up to 31 GHz in each band, and are based on the detection of at least two emission lines. Together with the Pilot Programme, where 11 sources had their spectroscopic redshifts measured, our survey has derived precise redshifts for 135 brightHerschel-selected galaxies, making it the largest sample of high-zgalaxies with robust redshifts to date. Most emission lines detected are from12CO (mainly fromJ= 2–1 to 5–4), with some sources seen in [CI] and H2O emission lines. The spectroscopic redshifts are in the range 0.8 <z< 6.55 with a median value ofz= 2.56 ± 0.10, centred on the peak epoch of galaxy formation. The linewidths of the sources are large, with a mean value for the full width at half maximum ΔVof 590 ± 25 km s−1and with 35% of the sources having widths of 700 km s−1< ΔV< 1800 km s−1. Most of the sources are unresolved or barely resolved on scales of ∼2 to 3″ (or linear sizes of ∼15 − 25 kpc, unlensed). Some fields reveal double or multiple sources in line emission and the underlying dust continuum and, in some cases, sources at different redshifts. Taking these sources into account, there are, in total, 165 individual sources with robust spectroscopic redshifts, including lensed galaxies, binary systems, and over-densities. This paper presents an overview of thez-GAL survey and provides the observed properties of the emission lines, the derived spectroscopic redshifts, and a catalogue of the entire sample. The catalogue includes, for each source, the combined continuum and emission lines’ maps together with the spectra for each of the detected emission lines. The data presented here will serve as a foundation for the otherz-GAL papers in this series reporting on the dust emission, the molecular and atomic gas properties, and a detailed analysis of the nature of the sources. Comparisons are made with other spectroscopic surveys of high-zgalaxies and future prospects, including dedicated follow-up observations based on these redshift measurements, are outlined.