Aberrant causal inference and presence of a compensatory mechanism in autism spectrum disorder.
Aberrant causal inference and presence of a compensatory mechanism in autism spectrum disorder.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.71866
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发表时间：
2022-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Angelaki, Dora E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noel, Jean-Paul;Shivkumar, Sabyasachi;Dokka, Kalpana;Haefner, Ralf M.;Angelaki, Dora E.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的特点是一系列的社会，沟通和感官异常。因此，计算精神病学的一个中心目标是将ASD中观察到的异质表型归因于一组有限的规范计算，这些计算可能在疾病中出错。在这里，我们把因果推理--推断一个将感官信号与隐藏的世界原因联系起来的因果结构的过程--作为这样的计算之一。我们发现，视听整合在ASD中是完整的，并且符合线索组合的最佳模型，但ASD中的多感官行为是异常的，因为该组在有利于整合（与隔离）的内部模型下运作。奇怪的是，在明确报告的共同原因在空间或时间的差异，ASD的个人较少，而不是更有可能报告共同原因，特别是在小的线索差异。正式的模型拟合揭示了共同原因的先验概率（p-共同）和选择偏差的差异，这是可分离的内隐但不明确的因果推理任务。总之，这种模式的结果表明：（一）不同的内部模型归因于世界的感觉信号在ASD相对于神经典型的个人给予相同的感觉线索，和（ii）存在一个明确的补偿机制，在ASD，这些人pupelies已经学会了补偿他们的偏见，整合在明确的报告。
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a panoply of social, communicative, and sensory anomalies. As such, a central goal of computational psychiatry is to ascribe the heterogenous phenotypes observed in ASD to a limited set of canonical computations that may have gone awry in the disorder. Here, we posit causal inference – the process of inferring a causal structure linking sensory signals to hidden world causes – as one such computation. We show that audio-visual integration is intact in ASD and in line with optimal models of cue combination, yet multisensory behavior is anomalous in ASD because this group operates under an internal model favoring integration (vs. segregation). Paradoxically, during explicit reports of common cause across spatial or temporal disparities, individuals with ASD were less and not more likely to report common cause, particularly at small cue disparities. Formal model fitting revealed differences in both the prior probability for common cause (p-common) and choice biases, which are dissociable in implicit but not explicit causal inference tasks. Together, this pattern of results suggests (i) different internal models in attributing world causes to sensory signals in ASD relative to neurotypical individuals given identical sensory cues, and (ii) the presence of an explicit compensatory mechanism in ASD, with these individuals putatively having learned to compensate for their bias to integrate in explicit reports.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hospedales T;Vijayakumar S
通讯作者：
Vijayakumar S
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Sawai K;Sato Y;Aihara K
通讯作者：
Aihara K