Fall Cankerworm (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a Native Defoliator of Broadleaved Trees and Shrubs in North America
Fall Cankerworm (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a Native Defoliator of Broadleaved Trees and Shrubs in North America
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秋溃疡虫（鳞翅目：尺蛾科），北美阔叶树和灌木的原生落叶虫
DOI：
10.1093/jipm/pmab017
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
D. Coyle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Darr;D. Coyle
秋季腐烂线虫，是北美特有的一种以阔叶树和灌木为食的物种。秋季腐烂线虫是一种多面手，幼虫以各种落叶树木和较小的木本植物为食。常见的寄主有橡树、枫树、樱桃、白蜡树、苹果、山毛榉和白桦树。这种害虫容易在大片地区反复暴发，可能导致整个阔叶林的大范围落叶，并可能在发达或人口稠密的地区成为公共公害。秋季腐烂线虫的落叶会导致树木健康下降，并影响生态系统功能、碳固存、野生动物栖息地和温度调节，特别是在城市地区。种群数量增加通常发生在寄主树木受到胁迫或寄主物种密度较高的地区。由于秋季腐烂虫对当地树冠的影响和对公众的滋扰，因此往往需要对其进行管理。环志树木和使用生物杀虫剂苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)是减少秋季腐虫种群的常用管理策略。在这里，我们回顾了秋季腐烂线虫的分布、生活期、寄主植物、危害、侦察和采样程序、管理选项，并讨论了常见的相关和共生的落叶害虫种类。
The fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harris), is a species endemic to North America that feeds on broadleaf trees and shrubs. Fall cankerworm is a generalist folivore and larvae feed on a wide range of deciduous trees and smaller woody plants. Common hosts include oak, maple, cherry, ash, apple, beech, and birch. This pest is prone to repeated outbreaks over large areas, can cause extensive defoliation throughout hardwood forest stands, and can be a public nuisance in developed or highly populated areas. Fall cankerworm defoliation can lead to reduced tree health and impact ecosystem function, carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, and temperature regulation, especially in urban areas. Elevated populations often occur in areas where host trees are stressed or a high density of a preferred host species is present. Fall cankerworm management is often necessary due to their impacts on the local tree canopy and nuisance to the public. Tree banding and the use of the biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the common management tactics used to reduce fall cankerworm populations. Here we review fall cankerworm distribution, life stages, host plants, damage, scouting and sampling procedures, management options, and discuss commonly associated and co-occurring defoliator species.