LOW‐TEMPERATURE MINERALS FROM THE FINE‐GRAINED MATRIX OF SOME CARBONACEOUS METEORITES
LOW‐TEMPERATURE MINERALS FROM THE FINE‐GRAINED MATRIX OF SOME CARBONACEOUS METEORITES
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一些碳质陨石细粒基质中的低温矿物
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb47422.x
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发表时间：
1964
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
J. Kerridge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Kerridge
虽然关于陨石起源的问题还没有达成一致意见，但人们普遍认为，这些物体是由太阳系内一个或多个小行星大小的天体解体或喷射而形成的。因此，这些陨石可以看作是在地质发育过程中从母体物质中随机抽取的样本。如果能够评估不同陨石的物理和化学关系，就有可能确定导致陨石物质形成的地质过程，也有可能确定母体或母体的形成系统，进而确定太阳系其余部分的形成系统。即使对不同类型的陨石进行粗略的检查，也会发现它们在物理和化学特征上明显不同。虽然可以用不同的标准对陨石进行粗略的分类，表明在母阶段的分带，但很明显，即使在分带内，物质也远非均匀的。球粒石陨石研究中的一个基本问题是具有不相容背景的矿物种类之间的密切联系。此外，在不同阶段发生了广泛的化学分馏，导致不同类别的陨石之间以及陨石与现在的太阳成分之间的元素变化，通常等同于原始的宇宙丰度。化学分析方法的改进最近产生了关于陨石内部元素分布的许多有价值的数据，物理技术提供了关于它们的年龄和矿物组成的信息。在目前的工作中，晶体学技术已经应用于碳质球粒陨石类的几个成员，试图发现更多关于它们的矿物学组成。正如它们的名字所暗示的那样，这些陨石的特点是它们内部存在有机结合的碳。作者暂时假定，它们之间存在着一种更深层次的联系，而不仅仅是这种有机物的共同存在。当然，它们在陨石中是独一无二的，因为它们含有水，有时，比如在奥奎尔，含有相当数量的水，尽管并非所有的水都是史前的。碳质陨石分为三种类型，按照水和碳含量的递增顺序，分别由奥南石（Ornans）、
Introduction Although agreement on the question of meteorite genesis is f a r from universal i t is generally accepted that these objects were formed by disintegration of, or ejection from, one or more bodies of asteroidal size within the solar system. The meteorites can therefore be regarded as random samples taken from this parent material during its geological development. If the physical and chemical relationships of the different meteorites can be assessed i t should be possible to decide both on the geological processes that had led up to the formation of the meteoritic material and also on the system of genesis of the parent body, or bodies, and, by extension, of the remainder of the solar system. Even a cursory examination of the different meteorite types reveals that they are markedly heterogeneous in both physical and chemical characteristics. Although rough classification of meteoritic matter is possible by means of various criteria, indicating zoning a t the parent stage, i t is clear that even within zones material was f a r from homogeneous. One of the basic problems in the study of the chondritic stone meteorites is the intimate association of mineral species with incompatible backgrounds. In addition extensive chemical fractionation has taken place a t various stages causing elemental variations between different classes of meteorite as well as between meteorites and present solar composition, commonly equated with original cosmic abundances. Refinement of chemical analytical procedures has recently produced many valuable data on elemental distributions within the meteorites, and physical techniques have given information on their age and mineral constitution. In the present work crystallographic techniques have been applied to several members of the carbonaceous chondrite class of meteorites in an attempt to discover more about their mineralogical composition. As their name implies these meteorites are characterized by the presence within them of carbon, which is organically combined. It is assumed, by this author tentatively, that they are related in a deeper manner than simply by the common presence of this organic matter. Certainly they are unique as a class among meteorites in that they contain water, sometimes, as in Orgueil, in considerable amounts although not all of this water is preterrestrial. Three classes of carbonaceous meteorites are recognized, represented, in increasing order of water and carbon content, by the stones Ornans,