Gender issues in depression.
Gender issues in depression.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/10401230701653294
复制
发表时间：
2007-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robinson, Gail Erlick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grigoriadis, Sophie;Robinson, Gail Erlick
背景：抑郁症的性别差异多年来一直被记录在案，直到最近才被认为对治疗选择没有意义。方法：本文综述了抑郁症的患病率、表现、病因和抗抑郁药物治疗的性别差异。结果：抑郁症患病率中的高男女性别比，特别是在生殖年间，是流行病学中最重复的发现之一。女性更多的时候有季节性因素，焦虑和非典型的抑郁。对这种差异的解释包括心理、神经化学、解剖学、荷尔蒙、遗传和个性因素。抗抑郁药物治疗反应的性别差异并不是一直存在的。除了月经周期、怀孕、围绝经期和更年期的影响外，荷尔蒙状况也可能是一个重要的变量。结论：女性抑郁症的发生率更高，而且往往表现出与男性不同的表现。进一步的研究可以确定哪种因素组合会增加女性的风险。怀孕的影响和月经周期对所有抑郁症病程的影响需要更多地关注。以治疗反应中的性别差异为主要终点的大型前瞻性随机对照试验是必要的，以回答目前存在争议的抗抑郁药物治疗反应中的性别差异问题。
BACKGROUND: Gender differences in depression have been documented for many years and thought to be insignificant to treatment selection until recently.METHODS: This article reviews gender differences in the prevalence, presentation, etiology, and antidepressant treatment of depressive disorders.RESULTS: The high female to male sex ratio in the prevalence of depression, especially during the reproductive years, is one of the most replicated findings in epidemiology. Women more often have a seasonal component, anxious and atypical depression. Explanations for the differences include psychological, neurochemical, anatomic, hormonal, genetic, and personality factors. Gender differences in antidepressant treatment response have not been found consistently. Hormonal status may be an important variable in addition to the effects of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, perimenopause and menopause.CONCLUSIONS: Women have higher rates of depression and can often present differently than do men. Further research can ascertain which combination of factors increase women's risk. The effect of pregnancy and the impact of the menstrual cycle on the course of all depressive disorders need increased attention. Large prospective randomized controlled trials with gender differences in treatment response as the primary endpoint are necessary in order to answer the now controversial question of gender differences in antidepressant treatment response.