Formative Work to Develop a Tailored HIV Testing Smartphone App for Diverse, At-Risk, HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Focus Group Study.
Formative Work to Develop a Tailored HIV Testing Smartphone App for Diverse, At-Risk, HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Focus Group Study.
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DOI：
10.2196/mhealth.6178
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发表时间：
2016-11-16
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Horvath KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitchell JW;Torres MB;Joe J;Danh T;Gass B;Horvath KJ
尽管同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者(MSM)受人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的影响不成比例，但很少有人定期检测HIV。智能手机应用程序可能是增加MSM定期检测的理想工具。然而，鼓励MSM定期测试的应用程序能否成功，将取决于这些应用程序的下载频率，它们是在几个月还是几年内继续使用，以及这些应用程序在多大程度上适合这一人群的需求。这项研究的主要目的是回答以下问题。(1)MSM认为智能手机应用程序的哪些特性和功能与将应用程序下载到他们的手机有关？(2)智能手机应用程序的哪些特性和功能最有可能影响MSM随着时间的推移持续使用应用程序？(3)MSM更喜欢HIV检测智能手机应用程序的哪些特性和功能？我们在美国佛罗里达州的迈阿密和明尼苏达州的明尼阿波利斯对不同种族和民族的性行为活跃的艾滋病毒阴性MSM(平均年龄32岁；11/34名男性，33%，10个月前进行了艾滋病毒≥检测)进行了焦点小组(n=7，共有34人参与)。焦点小组被数字化记录，逐字转录，并被识别以供分析。我们使用不断比较的方法(即扎根理论编码)来检查和重新检查从焦点小组中出现的主题。男性表示，成本、安全和效率是影响他们是否下载应用程序的主要原因。有用性和感知的必要性，以及同行和发布的评论，都会影响他们是否随着时间的推移下载和使用这款应用。影响他们是否会随着时间的推移保留并继续使用应用程序的因素包括可靠性、易用性和更新频率。性能和功能不佳以及缺乏使用是男性从手机上删除应用程序的主要原因。参与者还分享了他们对一款鼓励定期艾滋病毒检测的应用程序的偏好，该应用程序通过提供关于检测提醒、定制检测间隔建议、艾滋病毒检测定位器和监测个人性行为的反馈。用于预防艾滋病毒的移动应用程序激增，尽管了解其开发和实施的最佳做法的形成性研究相对较少。这项研究的结果提出了一些关键的设计特征，这些特征应该被用来指导艾滋病毒检测应用程序的开发，以促进对MSM进行定期的艾滋病毒检测。在这项研究和之前的研究中确定的特性和功能，以及现有的行为改变理论，应该用来指导这一关键领域的移动应用程序开发。
Although gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, few test for HIV at regular intervals. Smartphone apps may be an ideal tool to increase regular testing among MSM. However, the success of apps to encourage regular testing among MSM will depend on how frequently the apps are downloaded, whether they continue to be used over months or years, and the degree to which such apps are tailored to the needs of this population. The primary objectives of this study were to answer the following questions. (1) What features and functions of smartphone apps do MSM believe are associated with downloading apps to their mobile phones? (2) What features and functions of smartphone apps are most likely to influence MSM’s sustained use of apps over time? (3) What features and functions do MSM prefer in an HIV testing smartphone app? We conducted focus groups (n=7, with a total of 34 participants) with a racially and ethnically diverse group of sexually active HIV-negative MSM (mean age 32 years; 11/34 men, 33%, tested for HIV ≥10 months ago) in the United States in Miami, Florida and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Focus groups were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and deidentified for analysis. We used a constant comparison method (ie, grounded theory coding) to examine and reexamine the themes that emerged from the focus groups. Men reported cost, security, and efficiency as their primary reasons influencing whether they download an app. Usefulness and perceived necessity, as well as peer and posted reviews, affected whether they downloaded and used the app over time. Factors that influenced whether they keep and continue to use an app over time included reliability, ease of use, and frequency of updates. Poor performance and functionality and lack of use were the primary reasons why men would delete an app from their phone. Participants also shared their preferences for an app to encourage regular HIV testing by providing feedback on test reminders, tailored testing interval recommendations, HIV test locator, and monitoring of personal sexual behaviors. Mobile apps for HIV prevention have proliferated, despite relatively little formative research to understand best practices for their development and implementation. The findings of this study suggest key design characteristics that should be used to guide development of an HIV testing app to promote regular HIV testing for MSM. The features and functions identified in this and prior research, as well as existing theories of behavior change, should be used to guide mobile app development in this critical area.
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