Domestication of tomato has reduced the attraction of herbivore natural enemies to pest-damaged plants
Domestication of tomato has reduced the attraction of herbivore natural enemies to pest-damaged plants
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DOI：
10.1111/afe.12271
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Carrillo, Juli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xiaohong;Garvey, Michael;Carrillo, Juli
1植物驯化可以改变物种之间的相互作用，并影响作物和昆虫之间的新的联系。我们进行了一系列的选择性和性能实验，以测试捕食者和食草动物对驯化和野生植物的吸引，并评估草食动物诱导的植物挥发物(HIPV)在番茄驯化梯度上的效果，包括野生近缘植物、地方品种和驯化的商业品种。2我们采用了一个由鳞翅目食草动物Manduca sexta和它的两个天敌组成的三营养系统：卵捕食者Jalysus wickhami和幼虫寄生蜂Cotesia conregata。3在嗅觉仪试验中，天敌总是偏爱野生番茄的HIPV，而不是驯化栽培番茄，而地方品种介于两者之间。在决策速度方面，植物驯化的影响也很明显：捕食者对受损作物的定向比对受损野生近亲的定向更慢。4相反，六纹夜蛾更有可能在驯化番茄上产卵，而不是在野生番茄或长春番茄上产卵，这表明昆虫对植物气味的反应因营养水平而异。田间试验证实了嗅觉偏好测试：从野生番茄近亲中找到的毛虫比从地方品种或驯化番茄中找到的毛虫更有可能被寄生。5本研究结果表明，与野生近缘相比，番茄驯化降低了HIPV对捕食者的引诱效果，这种减少的引诱作用也导致了田间天敌攻击的减少。这一结果对于理解三营养植物防御的特殊性和天敌对农业生态系统生防的兼容性具有重要意义。
1 Plant domestication can alter species interactions and influence novel associations among crops and insects. We performed a series of preference and performance experiments to test predator and herbivore attraction to domesticated and wild plants and to evaluate the efficacy of herbivore- induced plant volatiles ( HIPVs) across a domestication gradient in tomato, including wild relatives, landraces and domesticated commercial cultivars. 2 We employed a tri- trophic system consisting of the specialist lepidopteran herbivore Manduca sexta and two of its natural enemies: an egg predator, the stilt bug Jalysus wickhami, and a larval parasitoid, the wasp Cotesia congregata. 3 In olfactometer trials, natural enemies consistently preferred HIPVs of wild tomatoes over domesticated cultivars, with landraces in between. Plant- domestication effects were also apparent in terms of decision speed: predators were slower to orient towards damaged crops than to damaged wild relatives. 4 By contrast, M. sexta moths were more likely to oviposit on domesticated than on wild or landrace tomatoes, indicating that insect responses to plant odours vary with trophic level. Field trials confirmed olfactory preference tests: caterpillars recovered from wild tomato relatives were more likely to be parasitized than those recovered from landraces or domesticated tomatoes. 5 The results of the present study suggest that tomato domestication has reduced the efficacy ofHIPVs in attracting predators compared with wild relatives and also that this decreased attraction leads to lower attack rates by enemies in the field. This outcome has implications for understanding the specificity of tri- trophic plant defences and the compatibility of natural enemies for biocontrol in agro- ecosystems.