Wood structure explained by complex spatial source-sink interactions.

Wood structure explained by complex spatial source-sink interactions.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-35451-7
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发表时间:
2022-12-19
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Tupker, Quinten
Tupker, Quinten
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Friend, Andrew D.;Eckes-Shephard, Annemarie H.;Tupker, Quinten

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木材是一种具有重要文化、经济和生物地球化学意义的非凡材料。然而,我们对它的形成了解甚少。尚未解释的关键特性包括生长年轮的解剖结构(从低密度的早期木材到高密度的晚期木材),晚期木材密度的强烈温度依赖性(用于历史温度重建),细胞大小的调节以及针叶树和年轮多孔树种的整体生长温度关系。基于对瑞典北部西尔维斯特松(Pinus sylvestris L.)的观测,我们建立了一个理论框架。从我们的框架中观察到的解剖特性是新细胞产生、发育带宽度动态和发育木材中碳水化合物分布之间的时间和空间相互作用的结果。在这里,我们发现碳水化合物的扩散对于确定最终的年轮解剖结构至关重要,有可能推翻目前对木材形成如何响应环境变化的理解,并改变我们对树木年轮作为过去气候代用物的解释。作者提出了一个木材形成模型来解释多个迄今为止知之甚少的观测结果,这些观测结果与碳密度、细胞大小和温度生长关系有关,这些关系是未来碳循环模拟和过去代理解释的关键。
Wood is a remarkable material with great cultural, economic, and biogeochemical importance. However, our understanding of its formation is poor. Key properties that have not been explained include the anatomy of growth rings (with consistent transitions from low-density earlywood to high density latewood), strong temperature-dependence of latewood density (used for historical temperature reconstructions), the regulation of cell size, and overall growth-temperature relationships in conifer and ring-porous tree species. We have developed a theoretical framework based on observations on Pinus sylvestris L. in northern Sweden. The observed anatomical properties emerge from our framework as a consequence of interactions in time and space between the production of new cells, the dynamics of developmental zone widths, and the distribution of carbohydrates across the developing wood. Here we find that the diffusion of carbohydrates is critical to determining final ring anatomy, potentially overturning current understanding of how wood formation responds to environmental variability and transforming our interpretation of tree rings as proxies of past climates. The authors present a wood formation model to explain multiple, hitherto poorly understood observations, related to carbon density, cell size, and temperature-growth relationships key for future carbon cycle simulations and past proxy interpretation.
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