Mangrove reforestation: greening or grabbing coastal zones and deltas? Case studies in Senegal
Mangrove reforestation: greening or grabbing coastal zones and deltas? Case studies in Senegal
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DOI：
10.2989/16085914.2016.1146122
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Panfili, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cormier-Salem, M. C.;Panfili, J.
除了对全球生物多样性的重要贡献外，红树林还提供许多服务。然而，由于人类活动的增加和气候变化，在不到20年的时间里，这些生态系统失去了其全球表面积的五分之一。针对这一减少，红树林重新造林奖励办法已在世界各地推广。重新造林行动的科学和社会合法性仍然受到质疑。我们的研究方法主要基于对2009年至2013年期间环境叙事和话语的分析，以及非政府组织开展的重新造林运动。我们强调与红树林相关的价值体系的复杂性，以及服务之间的积极和消极的相互作用。尽管重新造林运动在重新造林的表面和国际知名度方面总体上是成功的，但在生物和文化多样性方面却很差，并导致了空间上的不公正。此外，用独特的红树林物种Rhizophora mangle大规模重新造林被视为"攫取绿色“的手段，同时工业集团购买碳税导致当地社区丧失权力。必须制定更加综合的研究方案，以广泛了解红树林。
Besides their important contribution to global biodiversity, mangroves provide many services. Nevertheless, due to an increase of human activities and to climate change, in less than 20 years these ecosystems have lost one fifth of their global surface area. In response to this decrease, mangrove reforestation incentives have spread throughout the world. The scientific and societal legitimacy of reforestation actions still remain in question. Focusing on two case studies, the Saloum Delta and Lower Casamance, Senegal, our methodology was mainly based on the analysis of environmental narratives and discourses between 2009 and 2013, and on reforestation campaigns conducted by NGOs. We highlight the complexity of the system of values associated with the mangroves, as well as the positive and negative interactions between the services. Even although the reforestation campaigns were generally successful in terms of reforested surfaces and international visibility, they were poor in terms of biological and cultural diversities and led to spatial injustice. Moreover, the extensive reforestation with a unique mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle, was perceived as means of green grabbing', and the simultaneous buying of carbon tax by industrial conglomerates induced disempowerment of the local communities. More integrated research programmes must be developed towards the extensive knowledge of the mangroves.