Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparisons among countries and categories of smokers.
Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparisons among countries and categories of smokers.
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.5.1.52
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Zatonski, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fagerstrom, K O;Kunze, M;Zatonski, W
目的：收集国际上关于尼古丁依赖的数据，并比较不同国家和不同类别吸烟者的尼古丁依赖水平。资料来源：作者已知的已发表和未发表的研究，并检索EMBASE 1985- 1995。研究包括那些基于一个国家的人口的全国代表性样本，或寻求戒烟援助的吸烟者的样本。寻求帮助戒烟的吸烟者比一般吸烟者更依赖。男性在依赖性方面的得分始终高于女性。前吸烟者的依赖性似乎低于目前的吸烟者。一个吸烟率低的国家，美国，似乎有吸烟者更高的依赖分数比吸烟更普遍的国家（如奥地利和波兰）。结论：成功的烟草控制可能会导致在剩余的吸烟者之间的依赖性更高（由于低依赖性吸烟者选择性戒烟）。剩下的高度依赖的吸烟者可能需要更密集的治疗。
OBJECTIVES: To collect available international data on nicotine dependence as defined by the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence, and to compare levels of dependence among countries and categories of smokers.DATA SOURCES: Published and unpublished studies known to the authors and a search of EMBASE from 1985-1995.STUDY SELECTION: Studies included were those based on a nationally representative sample of a country's population, or a sample of smokers seeking cessation assistance.DATA SYNTHESIS: Smokers who seek help in stopping smoking are much more dependent than the average smoker. Men consistently score higher on dependence than women. Ex-smokers appear to have lower dependence than current smokers. A country with low smoking prevalence, the United States, seems to have smokers with higher dependence scores than countries where smoking is more prevalent (such as Austria and Poland).CONCLUSIONS: Successful tobacco control may result in a higher dependence among the remaining smokers (due to selective quitting by low-dependent smokers). The remaining highly dependent smokers may need more intensive treatment.