Strategies to Reduce or Eliminate Resistant Pathogens in the Environment
Strategies to Reduce or Eliminate Resistant Pathogens in the Environment
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DOI：
10.1002/9781119282549.ch24
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发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Bengtsson-Palme;Stefanie Heß
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bengtsson-Palme;Stefanie Heß
细菌通过水平基因转移相互交换抗药性基因的能力为管理带来了一个基本难题：抗药性基因可能会一次又一次地从环境细菌转移到人类病原体身上，基本上抹去了在根除耐药病原体方面取得的进展。这限制了我们的缓解选择，实际上给我们留下了两个将对人类健康的风险降至最低的选择：防止耐药病原体和抗生素物质释放到环境中，以及避免来自环境环境的耐药细菌的扩散和传播。虽然农业、水产养殖业和制药厂的排放可能是抗生素物质对环境的主要贡献者，但耐药细菌和耐药基因的来源更加多样化。人类微生物群中的抗药性细菌进入环境的主要途径之一是通过污水。
The ability for bacteria to exchange resistance genes with each other through horizontal gene transfer introduces a fundamental conundrum for management: resistance genes may be transferred from environmental bacteria to human pathogens over and over again, essentially erasing progress made toward eradicating resistant pathogens. This limits our mitigation options and effectively leaves us with two options to minimize risks to human health: to prevent the release of resistant pathogens and antibiotic substances into the environment and to avoid proliferation and transmission of resistant bacteria originating from environmental settings to humans. While releases from agriculture, aquaculture, and pharmaceutical production are likely to be the major contributors of antibiotic substances to the environment, the sources of resistant bacteria and resistance genes are more diverse. One of the main routes by which resistant bacteria from the human microbiome reach the environment is via sewage.