The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job Creation and Economic Dynamism
The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job Creation and Economic Dynamism
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DOI：
10.1257/jep.28.3.3
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Miranda, Javier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Decker, Ryan;Haltiwanger, John;Miranda, Javier
商业动态的最佳速度包括进入、退出、扩张和收缩的过程将平衡生产率和经济增长的好处与企业和工人重新分配生产资源的成本。很难规定最佳速度应该是多少，但从多个数据集和方法中积累的证据表明，美国经济中的创业率和就业活力的速度在最近几十年中有所下降，而且这种下降趋势在2000年后加速。造成商业活力下降的一个关键因素是创业率下降，以及有活力的年轻企业在经济中的相关作用下降。例如，在过去30年里，年轻企业在美国就业中所占的比例下降了近30%。这些趋势表明，随着时间的推移，企业家在美国创办新公司的动机已经减弱。我们在本文中没有确定这些趋势背后的所有因素，但根据特定行业和地理区域的经验模式提供了一些线索。
An optimal pace of business dynamics-encompassing the processes of entry, exit, expansion, and contraction-would balance the benefits of productivity and economic growth against the costs to firms and workers associated with reallocation of productive resources. It is difficult to prescribe what the optimal pace should be, but evidence accumulating from multiple datasets and methodologies suggests that the rate of business startups and the pace of employment dynamism in the US economy has fallen over recent decades and that this downward trend accelerated after 2000. A critical factor in accounting for the decline in business dynamics is a lower rate of business startups and the related decreasing role of dynamic young businesses in the economy. For example, the share of US employment accounted for by young firms has declined by almost 30 percent over the last 30 years. These trends suggest that incentives for entrepreneurs to start new firms in the United States have diminished over time. We do not identify all the factors underlying these trends in this paper but offer some clues based on the empirical patterns for specific sectors and geographic regions.