An initial investigation into the effects of isolation and enrichment on the welfare of laboratory pigs housed in the PigTurn® system, assessed using tear staining, behaviour, physiology and haematology
An initial investigation into the effects of isolation and enrichment on the welfare of laboratory pigs housed in the PigTurn® system, assessed using tear staining, behaviour, physiology and haematology
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DOI：
10.7120/09627286.24.1.015
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Marchant-Forde, J. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeBoer, S. P.;Garner, J. P.;Marchant-Forde, J. N.
在世界上的一些地方，实验室猪(Sus Scrofa)通常被关在单独的、无菌的笼子里，这可能会造成压力。我们的目标是确定隔离和浓缩对饲养在PigTurn(R)中的猪的影响，PigTurn(R)是一种具有自动血液采样的新型围栏系统，并研究泪水染色作为一种新的福利指标。20头约克夏×长白断奶仔猪被随机分配到四个处理中的一个，采用2×2因子组合，分别是富集组(非富集组[NE]或富集组[E])和隔离组(目测隔离[I]或能够看到另一头猪[NI])。复苏后48小时，插管后放入PigTurns(R)。每天自动采集两次血液，以确定白细胞(WBC)分类计数，并检测皮质醇。每天拍摄眼部照片，使用0-5评分标准和Image-J软件测量泪斑面积和周长，对泪液染色进行量化。对行为进行视频记录和扫描采样，以确定时间预算。数据以REML的形式进行分析，采用SAS混合程序。富集物倾向于增加侧卧和站立的时间比例，降低血浆皮质醇、泪痕面积和周长。通过富集交互作用，存在着显著的隔离。对隔离饲养的猪进行浓缩对血浆皮质醇没有影响，但在非隔离饲养的猪中大大降低了血浆皮质醇。与其他三种处理相比，NE-I处理的泪液染色面积和周长最高。嗜酸性粒细胞计数以E-NI组最高，NE-I组最低。结果表明，在缺乏丰富的情况下，能够看到另一种动物，但无法互动，可能会令人沮丧。NO浓缩和隔离对泪液染色和嗜酸性粒细胞数量的影响最大。然而，适当的肥沃加上靠近另一头猪似乎会改善福利。
In some parts of the world, the laboratory pig (Sus scrofa) is often housed in individual, sterile housing which may impose stress. Our objectives were to determine the effects of isolation and enrichment on pigs housed within the PigTurn (R) - a novel penning system with automated blood sampling and to investigate tear staining as a novel welfare indicator. Twenty Yorkshire x Landrace weaner pigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial combination of enrichment (non-enriched [NE] or enriched [E]) and isolation (visually isolated [I] or able to see another pig [NI]). Pigs were catheterised and placed into the PigTurns (R) 48 h post recovery. Blood was collected automatically twice daily to determine white blood cell (WBC) differential counts and assayed for cortisol. Photographs of the eyes were taken daily and tear staining was quantified using a 0-5 scoring scale and Image-J software to measure stain area and perimeter. Behaviour was video recorded and scan sampled to determine time budgets. Data were analysed as an REML using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Enrichment tended to increase proportion of time standing and lying laterally and decrease plasma cortisol, tear-stain area and perimeter. There was a significant isolation by enrichment interaction. Enrichment given to pigs housed in isolation had no effect on plasma cortisol, but greatly reduced it in non-isolated pigs. Tear-staining area and perimeter were highest in the NE-I treatment compared to the other three treatments. Eosinophil count was highest in the E-NI treatment and lowest in the NE-I treatment. The results suggest that in the absence of enrichment, being able to see another animal but not interact may be frustrating. The combination of no enrichment and isolation maximally impacted tear staining and eosinophil numbers. However, appropriate enrichment coupled with proximity of another pig would appear to improve welfare.