Updip rupture of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake extended by thick indurated sediments

Updip rupture of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake extended by thick indurated sediments
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2004 年苏门答腊地震的上倾破裂被厚厚的硬质沉积物扩展

DOI:
10.1038/ngeo1176
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
18.3
通讯作者:
Gulick S
Gulick S
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gulick S

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在俯冲过程中,弱的、未岩化的沉积物被从下行板块上刮下来,并在俯冲海沟轴线附近堆积。在地震期间,沉积物的弱性质通常会阻碍断层破裂的传播。然而,2004年苏门答腊岛-安达曼Mw9.2级地震期间的滑动测量表明,断层破裂在断裂区南部延伸到异常接近俯冲海沟的上倾角。本文给出了2004年苏门答腊-安达曼地震破裂带南部的地震反射图像。我们发现,厚度大于4 公里的沉积层形成了一致的块体,在俯冲过程中被推送到大陆边缘。这些地块形成了一个130公里宽的高原,覆盖在孕震带上,板块边界的巨型逆冲位于沉积物的底部附近。沉积物由尼科巴浊积岩和孟加拉扇浊积岩组成,具有很强的内部凝聚力。我们认为,在埋藏过程中,沉积物的脱水和岩化使它们异常强大和强大,从而使2004年地震期间的破裂能够在靠近舜达海沟的高原下传播。将断层断裂延伸到离海沟这么近的地方,从而进一步向大海延伸,可能会因为移动了更厚的水而增加了海啸的危险。
During subduction, weak, unlithified sediments are scraped off the down-going plate and accumulate near the subduction trench axis,. The weak nature of the sediments usually impedes the propagation of fault rupture during an earthquake. However, measurements of slip during the 2004 Sumatra–AndamanMw9.2 earthquake show that fault rupture propagatedupdip, extending unusually close to the subduction trench, in the southern part of the rupture area,,,. Here we present seismic reflection images of the southern part of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake rupture area. We show that sedimentary strata, greater than 4 km in thickness, form coherent blocks that have been thrust onto the continental margin during subduction. The blocks form a 130-km-wide plateau overlying the seismogenic zone and the plate boundary megathrust lies near to the base of the sediments. The sediments consist of the Nicobar and Bengal Fan turbidites and exhibit strong internal cohesion. We suggest that dewatering and lithification of the sediments during burial made them unusually competent and strong, thus enabling rupture during the 2004 earthquake to propagate beneath the plateau, close to the Sunda Trench. Extending fault rupture so close to the trench, and thus further seaward, may have enhanced the tsunami hazard by displacing a greater thickness of water.
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