Analysis of Synchronous Machines
Analysis of Synchronous Machines
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DOI：
10.1201/b12211
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发表时间：
2008-02
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Lipo
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Lipo
理想电机绕组分布导论理想双圆柱电机绕组函数的绕组函数计算多极绕组构型电感的计算绕组电感互感计算多回路绕组函数的计算短路线圈的分析以C电路为例一般情况下凸极电机绕组函数的修改同步电机漏感实用绕组设计参考坐标系理论介绍旋转坐标系三相电路变量到旋转坐标系的变换d-q-n变换的矩阵求法d-q-n变换-n变换在d-q-n坐标系中简单三相圆柱形电感绕组函数的应用圆柱形三相电感d-q-n电感的直接计算同步电机的d-q方程介绍了同步电机的物理描述方程。BS-，定子电压方程到旋转坐标系的变换定子磁链到旋转坐标系定子磁链的变换d-q-n坐标系中定子绕组的绕组函数定子绕组的绕组函数定子磁化电感定子和转子电路之间的互感d-q变换转子磁链方程功率输入扭矩方程概述同步电机方程以物理单位表示的方程匝数比变换采用混合磁链的物理单位的磁链方程系统方程同步电机的单位形式方程介绍d-q轴的稳态行为定向稳态形式的Park方程稳态转矩方程稳态功率方程稳态无功功率的图解稳态方程的稳态矢量图稳态方程的功率和扭矩相量形式同步电机的等值电路相量方程的解用MathCAD求解稳态同步电机的开路和短路特性同步电机在负载作用下的相量图构造饱和转子电机的相量图饱和凸极同步电机的相量图计算零功率因数特性和零功率因数特性波蒂尔三角其他电抗测量同步电机启动时脉动和平均转矩的稳态运行特性计算同步电机的暂态分析定子磁链的引入定理短路三相短路时定子磁链的行为，不考虑阻尼器回路，电阻忽略开路引起的三相短路，电阻和阻尼器绕组忽略负载条件下的短路，定子电阻和阻尼器绕组忽略开路引起的三相短路，包括电阻的影响，无阻尼器理论的推广到有阻尼器绕组短路的电机。阻尼器包括电压突变矢量图对励磁响应暂态解的影响利用振型分析振型分析解与传统方法的比较不对称短路电力系统暂态稳定引入假设扭矩角曲线机械加速方程单位面积暂态稳定暂态稳定分析判据多机系统暂态稳定性分析故障类型及对稳定性的影响分析故障类型及对稳定性的影响分步求解方法包括饱和电机模型饱和总结-同步电机暂态计算励磁系统和动态稳定的分步计算法发电机对系统扰动的响应系统阻尼励磁系统硬件实现IEEE型1励磁系统励磁设计原理励磁系统对动态稳定性的影响自然换向同步电机驱动器简介负载换向逆变器(LCI)同步电机驱动器逆变器运行原理基本元件表示控制考虑启动考虑详细的稳态分析时间步长解样本计算转矩能力曲线状态空间和相量图的性能比较解d-q理论对不平衡运行的扩展引入源电压公式要求解的系统方程用非正弦定子电压求解电磁转矩的电流解实例解同步电机方程的线性化介绍物理单位的派克方程线性化过程传递函数状态空间和测量方程的机器解和测量方程的设计经典调节器的设计同步电机的计算机仿真介绍仿真方程介绍仿真方程MatLab(R)Park方程的仿真稳态校核仿真变换方程的仿真仿真研究考虑饱和影响的气隙饱和磁场饱和同步电机的近似模型附录1：交流电机分析中有用的恒等式附录2：状态方程的时间域解附录3：三相故障附录4：TrafunSM附录5：SMHB同步电机的谐波平衡
Winding Distribution in an Ideal Machine Introduction The Winding Function Calculation of the Winding Function Multipole Winding Configurations Inductances of an Ideal Doubly Cylindrical Machine Calculation of Winding Inductances Mutual Inductance Calculation-An Example Winding Functions for Multiple Circuits Analysis of a Shorted Coil-An Example General Case for C Circuits Winding Function Modifications for Salient-Pole Machines Leakage Inductances of Synchronous Machines Practical Winding Design Reference Frame Theory Introduction Rotating Reference Frames Transformation of Three-Phase Circuit Variables to a Rotating Reference Frame Stationary Three-Phase r-L Circuits Observed in a d-q-n Reference Frame Matrix Approach to the d-q-n Transformation The d-q-n Transformation Applied to a Simple Three-Phase Cylindrical Inductor Winding Functions in a d-q-n Reference Frame Direct Computation of d-q-n Inductances of a Cylindrical Three-Phase Inductor The d-q Equations of a Synchronous Machine Introduction Physical Description Synchronous Machine Equations in the Phase Variable or as-, bs-, cs- Reference Frame Transformation of the Stator Voltage Equations to a Rotating Reference Frame Transformation of Stator Flux Linkages to a Rotating Reference Frame Winding Functions of the Three-Phase Stator Windings in a d-q-n Reference Frame Winding Functions of the Rotor Windings Calculation of Stator Magnetizing Inductances Mutual Inductances between Stator and Rotor Circuits d-q Transformation of the Rotor Flux Linkage Equation Power Input Torque Equation Summary of Synchronous Machine Equations Expressed in Physical Units Turns Ratio Transformation of the Flux Linkage Equations System Equations in Physical Units Using Hybrid Flux Linkages Synchronous Machine Equations in Per Unit Form Steady-State Behavior of Synchronous Machines Introduction d-q Axes Orientation Steady-State Form of Park's Equations Steady-State Torque Equation Steady-State Power Equation Steady-State Reactive Power Graphical Interpretation of the Steady-State Equations Steady-State Vector Diagram Vector Interpretation of Power and Torque Phasor Form of the Steady-State Equations Equivalent Circuits of a Synchronous Machine Solutions of the Phasor Equations Solution of the Steady-State Synchronous Machine Equations Using MathCAD Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Characteristics Saturation Modeling of Synchronous Machines Under Load Construction of the Phasor Diagram for a Saturated Round-Rotor Machine Calculation of the Phasor Diagram for a Saturated Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine Zero Power Factor Characteristic and the Potier Triangle Other Reactance Measurements Steady-State Operating Characteristics Calculation of Pulsating and Average Torque during Starting of Synchronous Motors Transient Analysis of Synchronous Machines Introduction Theorem of Constant Flux Linkages Behavior of Stator Flux Linkages on Short-Circuit Three-Phase Short-Circuit, No Damper Circuits, Resistances Neglected Three-Phase Short-Circuit from Open Circuit, Resistances and Damper Windings Neglected Short-Circuit from Loaded Condition, Stator Resistance and Damper Winding Neglected Three-Phase Short-Circuit from Open Circuit, Effect of Resistances Included, No Dampers Extension of the Theory to Machines with Damper Windings Short-Circuit of a Loaded Generator, Dampers Included Vector Diagrams for Sudden Voltage Changes Effect of Exciter Response Transient Solutions Utilizing Modal Analysis Comparison of Modal Analysis Solution with Conventional Methods Unsymmetrical Short-Circuits Power System Transient Stability Introduction Assumptions Torque Angle Curves Mechanical Acceleration Equation in Per Unit Equal Area Criterion for Transient Stability Transient Stability Analysis Transient Stability of a Two Machine System Multi-Machine Transient Stability Analysis Types of Faults and Effect on Stability Step-by-Step Solution Methods Including Saturation Machine Model Including Saturation Summary-Step-by-Step Method for Calculating Synchronous Machine Transients Excitation Systems and Dynamic Stability Introduction Generator Response to System Disturbances Sources of System Damping Excitation System Hardware Implementations IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Excitation Design Principles Effect of the Excitation System on Dynamic Stability Naturally Commutated Synchronous Motor Drives Introduction Load Commutated Inverter (LCI) Synchronous Motor Drives Principle of Inverter Operation Fundamental Component Representation Control Considerations Starting Considerations Detailed Steady-State Analysis Time Step Solution Sample Calculations Torque Capability Curves Constant Speed Performance Comparison of State Space and Phasor Diagram Solutions Extension of d-q Theory to Unbalanced Operation Introduction Source Voltage Formulation System Equations to Be Solved System Formulation with Non-Sinusoidal Stator Voltages Solution for Currents Solution for Electromagnetic Torque Example Solutions Linearization of the Synchronous Machine Equations Introduction Park's Equations in Physical Units Linearization Process Transfer Functions of a Synchronous Machine Solution of the State Space and Measurement Equations Design of a Terminal Voltage Controller Design of a Classical Regulator Computer Simulation of Synchronous Machines Introduction Simulation Equations MATLAB (R) Simulation of Park's Equations Steady-State Check of Simulation Simulation of the Equations of Transformation Simulation Study Consideration of Saturation Effects Air Gap Saturation Field Saturation Approximate Models of Synchronous Machines Appendix 1: Identities Useful in AC Machine Analysis Appendix 2: Time Domain Solution of the State Equation Appendix 3: Three-Phase Fault Appendix 4: TrafunSM Appendix 5: SMHB Synchronous Machine Harmonic Balance