Formic acid treated whole crop barley and wheat silages in dairy cow diets: effects of crop maturity, proportion in the diet, and level and type of concentrate supplementation
Formic acid treated whole crop barley and wheat silages in dairy cow diets: effects of crop maturity, proportion in the diet, and level and type of concentrate supplementation
复制标题
奶牛日粮中甲酸处理的整株大麦和小麦青贮饲料：作物成熟度、日粮比例以及浓缩物补充水平和类型的影响
DOI：
10.2137/145960609790059569
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Heikkilä
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Jaakkola;E. Saarisalo;T. Heikkilä
本试验采用3个试验，研究了用干物质浓度为300-450 g kg~（-1）的大麦（BS）或小麦（WS）制成的全麦青贮料（WCS）替代牧草青贮料（GS）的效果。所有青贮饲料使用甲酸基添加剂5升t-1。研究了日粮中添加能量和蛋白质对产奶量的影响。在Exp. 1.以0、200、400、600 g kg-1饲粮DM水平的BS替代GS。还饲喂含有0或2 kg油菜籽粉的10 kg浓缩物。在Exp. 2、大麦收获三次（BS 1、BS 2、BS 3），每隔一周收获一次。大麦青贮饲料作为与GS（40：60）的混合物以及另外单独的BS 2和GS进料。青贮饲料中补充了谷物基农场制造的浓缩物（FC）或具有比FC更低的淀粉浓度的商业化合物。在Exp. 3、大麦和小麦每隔两周收获一次，作为与GS（40：60）的混合物饲喂，并补充低或高量的精料。全株青贮发酵品质良好。天气条件和成熟度影响穗在作物中的比例，随后影响青贮饲料中非结构性碳水化合物与NDF的比例。添加WCS降低了日粮OM消化率，这取决于GS的消化率和WCS在日粮中的比例。然而，混合GS和WCS并没有降低摄入量。随后，在实验中，与GS日粮相比，混合物的使用维持甚至增加了产奶量。2和3在Exp.高比例（400、600 g kg~（-1））BS降低产奶量。大麦生长阶段对牛奶产量的影响较小，而延迟小麦收获增加牛奶产量。不同类型和水平的集中诱导主要是相似的摄入量和产奶量的反应与饮食的基础上GS单独或GS和WCS的混合物。在精料蛋白质浓度较高（200 g kg-1DM）的试验中，GS和WCS混合使用的协同效应更明显。
Three trials in dairy cows were carried out to study the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with wholecrop silage (WCS) made of barley (BS) or wheat (WS) harvested at dough stage with a dry matter (DM) concentration of 300-450 g kg-1. All silages were ensiled using a formic acid based additive 5 l t-1. Milk production responses to energy and protein supplementation of diets were studied. In Exp. 1, BS replaced GS at the rates of 0, 200, 400 or 600 g kg-1 forage DM. Also 10 kg of concentrate containing 0 or 2 kg of rape seed meal was fed. In Exp. 2, barley was harvested at three times (BS1, BS2, BS3) at one week intervals. Barley silages were fed as a mixture with GS (40:60) and in addition BS2 and GS alone. Silages were supplemented with a cereal based farm-made concentrate (FC) or a commercial compound having a lower concentration of starch than FC. In Exp. 3, barley and wheat were harvested at two week intervals, fed as a mixture with GS (40:60) and supplemented with low or high amount of concentrate. The fermentation quality of whole crop silages was good. Weather conditions and maturity affected the proportion of ear in the crop and subsequently the ratio of non-structural carbohydrates to NDF in the silage. The inclusion of WCS depressed diet OM digestibility depending on the digestibility of GS and the proportion of WCS in the diet. However, mixing GS and WCS did not depress intake. Subsequently the use of mixtures maintained or even increased milk yield as compared with GS diet in Exp. 2 and 3. In Exp. 1, higher proportions (400, 600 g kg-1) of BS decreased milk yield. Minor effects of growth stage on milk production were observed with barley whereas delaying wheat harvest increased milk yield. Different types and levels of concentrate induced mainly similar intake and milk yield responses with diets based on GS alone or on mixtures of GS and WCS. The synergistic effect of mixing GS and WCS was more positive in experiments where the protein concentration of concentrate was high (200 g kg-1 DM).;