Distribution, abundance and population status of Burchells zebra (Equus quagga) in Yabello Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Ethiopia

Distribution, abundance and population status of Burchells zebra (Equus quagga) in Yabello Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Ethiopia
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埃塞俄比亚南部亚贝洛野生动物保护区布切尔斑马（Equus quagga）的分布、丰度和种群状况

DOI：
10.5897/jene2012.0352
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Yirga
S. Yirga
中科院分区：
--
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reta Regassa;S. Yirga

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2009年10月至2010年3月，在埃塞俄比亚南部的Yabello野生动物保护区，对Burchell‘s斑马(Equus quagga，Gray 1824)的分布、丰度和种群状况进行了研究，包括雨季和旱季。采用距离抽样线-横断面计数法估计人口状况。共估计有5151只个体，种群密度为6.5平方公里。人口中有女性偏见。成虫男女性别比为1.0：1.27，成虫与幼虫性别比为2.9：0.6。布氏斑马的年龄构成包括78.2%的成体、13.0%的亚成体、5.3%的幼体和3.5%的幼崽。种群规模随季节变化，平均种群规模为12.5只。公后宫和单身公马的平均群体规模分别为7.8和5.3。该动物的分布和植被利用表现出对开阔草原生境的明显偏好。然而，栖息地的偏好有季节性的变化。在研究区域内观察到人口和牲畜数量的增加。牛的过度放牧和侵占是通过降低保护区的草质而影响伯切尔斑马种群状况的主要因素。研究建议了一项有效和现实的管理政策，以控制保护区内的非法人居和侵占行为。 -- 关键词：物种丰度，分布，野马，奥罗米亚，种群规模，亚贝罗保护区。
A study on the distribution, abundance and population status of Burchell’s zebra (Equus quagga, Gray 1824) was carried out in the Yabello Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Ethiopia from October, 2009 to March, 2010 including wet and dry seasons. Distance sampling line-transect counting method was used to estimate the population status. A total of 5151 individuals were estimated with a population density of 6.5 km2. The population was female biased. The sex ratio of adult male to adult female was 1.0:1.27 and adult to young ratio was 2.9:0.6. Age composition of Burchell’s zebra comprised 78.2% adult, 13.0% sub-adult, 5.3% juvenile and 3.5% foal. Group size changed seasonally and the mean group size was 12.5. The average herd sizes of one male harem and bachelor stallion herds were 7.8 and 5.3, respectively. Distribution and vegetation utilization of the animal showed a marked preference for open grassland habitat. However, there was a seasonal change in the preference of habitat. Increase in human and livestock population was observed in the study area. Overgrazing by cattle and encroachment are the primary factors that affect the population status of Burchell’s zebra by reducing the grass quality in the Sanctuary. The study recommends an effective and realistic management policy to control illegal human settlement and encroachment in the sanctuary.   Key words: Abundance, distribution, Equus quagga, Oromia, population size, Yabello sanctuary.