Different kinds of male flowers in the dioecious plant Asparagus of officinalis L.
Different kinds of male flowers in the dioecious plant Asparagus of officinalis L.
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雌雄异体植物芦笋中不同种类的雄花。
DOI：
10.1007/bf00227578
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Vigo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Massimo Galli;M. Bracale;A. Falavigna;F. Raffaldi;C. Savini;A. Vigo
在雌雄异株植物中。雌性植物的花都是严格相同的类型，具有发育良好的雌蕊和萎缩且始终不育的花药雏形，而雄性植物则相反，显示出各种各样的退化的雌性器官，从没有花柱和柱头的小而初级的子房，到具有相当长的花柱的雌蕊，通常在柱头中扩大。在我们的研究中，我们使用了从离体花药培养中获得的纯合子雄性和雌性双单倍体植株，全雄性的f1后代和随后的回交的雄性个体。结果表明：(1)“花柱长度”性状是遗传的，至少涉及两个基因，环境的影响几乎可以忽略；(2)具有柱头乳突和柱头乳突的雄蕊，花粉管的传粉和生长确实是一种规律，唯一的受精障碍是胚珠内没有正常的胚囊；(3)花柱长度特征是芦笋雌雄同体倾向的可靠标志，因为花柱长度与子房大小、自花授粉倾向、维管化和雄性子房内胚珠发育率之间总是存在相关关系。总的来说，我们的大部分观察结果，加上偶有雌雄同株植物自交时观察到的高近交抑制，都符合芦笋雌雄异株起源于雌雄同体的假设。
In the dioecious plantAsparagus officinalisL. the female plants bear flowers that are all strictly of the same type, with well-developed pistils and collapsed and consistently sterile rudiments of anthers, while male plants, on the contrary, show a great variety of vestigial female organs, from small, rudimentary ovaries with no style and stigma, up to pistils provided with a rather long style that is often enlarged in a stigma. In our investigations, we used homozygous male and female doubled haploid plants obtained from in vitro anther culture, the all-male F1progeny and male individuals from subsequent backcrosses. The results showed that: (1) the character “length of the style” is genetically inherited and involves at least two genes, the influence of the environment being quite negligible; (2) in male pistils provided with style and stigmatic papillae, the pollination and growth of the pollen tubes up to the ovules do actually occur as a rule, the only barrier to fertilization being the absence of normal embryo sacs inside the ovules; (3) the character “length of the style” is a very reliable marker of the trend towards hermaphroditism inAsparagus, since a correlation always exist between length of the style, size of the ovary, tendency to self-pollination, vascularization and rate of development of the ovules inside the male ovaries. On the whole, most of our observations, together with the high inbreeding depression observed when occasional andromonoecious plants are selfed, are consistent with the hypothesis of the origin of dioecy inAsparagusfrom hermaphroditism via the gynodioecy pathway.