Trust in Scientists on Climate Change and Vaccines
Trust in Scientists on Climate Change and Vaccines
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DOI：
10.1177/2158244015602752
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Saito, Kei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamilton, Lawrence C.;Hartter, Joel;Saito, Kei
在气候变化和其他话题上，保守派的立场与强大的科学共识不一致。有人声称，这表明保守派对科学普遍不信任，但有人断言，虽然保守派可能反对气候变化或进化论的科学共识，但自由派反对疫苗等其他领域的科学家。然而，对疫苗科学的不成比例的自由偏见的证据主要是轶事。在这里，我们使用来自俄勒冈州和新罕布什尔州的2014年调查数据来检验这一相反偏见的命题。在这两项调查的疫苗和气候变化问题上，我们发现民主党人最有可能表示他们相信科学家提供的信息，而茶党支持者最不可能，这与相反偏见的主张相矛盾。此外，党派分歧往往随着教育而扩大。在其他特定领域（如气候变化或环境保护），对科学的自由信任或保守不信任的理论解释与疫苗的这些结果不太相符。鉴于气候变化和疫苗问题的内容大不相同，共同的政治模式似乎更符合关于接受科学的更广泛的意识形态分歧的假设。
On climate change and other topics, conservatives have taken positions at odds with a strong scientific consensus. Claims that this indicates a broad conservative distrust of science have been countered by assertions that while conservatives might oppose the scientific consensus on climate change or evolution, liberals oppose scientists on some other domains such as vaccines. Evidence for disproportionately liberal bias against science on vaccines has been largely anecdotal, however. Here, we test this proposition of opposite biases using 2014 survey data from Oregon and New Hampshire. Across vaccine as well as climate change questions on each of these two surveys, we find that Democrats are most likely to say they trust scientists for information, and Tea Party supporters are least likely, contradicting the proposition of opposite bias. Moreover, partisan divisions tend to widen with education. Theoretical explanations that have been offered for liberal trust or conservative distrust of science in other specific domains such as climate change or environmental protection fit less well with these results on vaccines. Given the much different content of climate change and vaccine issues, the common political pattern appears more consistent with hypotheses of broader ideological divisions on acceptance of science.