Replication of the mirror mark test experiment in the magpie (Pica pica) does not provide evidence of self-recognition.
Replication of the mirror mark test experiment in the magpie (Pica pica) does not provide evidence of self-recognition.
复制标题
在喜鹊（Pica pica）身上复制镜痕测试实验并没有提供自我识别的证据。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
J. Peralta‐Sánchez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Soler;Jose M. Colmenero;T. Pérez;J. Peralta‐Sánchez
动物的自我认知表现在个体通过标记测试时。以前，人们认为自我认知仅限于人类、类人猿和某些具有较大大脑和高度进化的社会认知能力的哺乳动物。然而，一项研究表明，五分之二的喜鹊（异食癖）通过了标记测试，这表明喜鹊的认知能力与类人猿相似。科学的进步依赖于对已发表的科学的信心，而这种信心只有在对已发表的研究进行严格的复制之后才能达到。在这里，我们提出了鹊研究的密切复制，但使用更大的样本量，同时遵循非常相似的实验方案。和之前的研究一样，在我们的实验中，喜鹊在镜子前比在纸板刺激下更频繁地表现出社交和自我导向行为。然而，在标记测试中，自我导向行为在纸板前比在镜子前更频繁。因此，我们的复制不能证实之前的结果。密切的重复，虽然不能反驳早期的研究，但确定了应该谨慎考虑的结果。因此，需要更多的重复研究和额外的实验工作来明确地证明喜鹊能够始终如一地通过标记测试。存在令人信服的证据，自我识别在其他科鱼物种进行了深入的讨论。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA，版权所有）。
Self-recognition in animals is demonstrated when individuals pass the mark test. Formerly, it was thought that self-recognition was restricted to humans, great apes, and certain mammals with large brains and highly evolved social cognition. However, 1 study showed that 2 out of 5 magpies (Pica pica) passed the mark test, suggesting that magpies have a similar level of cognitive abilities to great apes. The scientific advancement depends on confidence in published science, and this confidence can be reached only after rigorous replication of published studies. Here, we present a close replication of the magpie study but using a larger sample size while following a very similar experimental protocol. Like the previous study, in our experiment, magpies showed both social and self-directed behavior more frequently in front of the mirror versus a control cardboard stimulus. However, during the mark test, self-directed behavior proved more frequent in front of the cardboard than in the mirror. Thus, our replication failed to confirm the previous results. Close replications, while not disproving an earlier study, identify results that should be considered with caution. Therefore, more replication studies and additional experimental work is needed to unambiguously demonstrate that magpies are consistently able to pass the mark test. The existence of compelling evidence of self-recognition in other corvid species is discussed in depth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).