Alzheimer's Disease - Why We Need Early Diagnosis
Alzheimer's Disease - Why We Need Early Diagnosis
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DOI：
10.2147/dnnd.s228939
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Langerman, Haya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rasmussen, Jill;Langerman, Haya
阿尔茨海默病是痴呆症的主要原因。然而，阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症都不是衰老的必然后果。这篇综述概述了在个体符合阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症的标准之前诊断阿尔茨海默氏病所涉及的问题。它探讨了如何提高阿尔茨海默病的诊断率，早期诊断对个人，护理人员和社会的影响，以及降低风险以预防或延迟进展的重要性。尽管目前还没有能够逆转最初病理变化的疾病修饰剂，但通过改变常见危险因素的暴露，有可能预防或延缓部分人群痴呆症的发展。在其他人中，早期诊断疾病或疾病风险仍然是有价值的，这样个人和他们的照顾者就有时间做出选择和计划未来，并允许获得有助于控制症状的治疗。初级卫生保健专业人员在识别风险个体，建议中年生活方式改变以预防或减缓疾病以及及时诊断方面发挥着关键作用。早期干预是最佳策略，因为患者的功能水平可以保持更长时间。
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia. However, neither Alzheimer's disease nor Alzheimer's dementia are an inevitable consequence of aging. This review provides an overview of the issues involved in a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease before an individual meets the criteria for Alzheimer's dementia. It examines how Alzheimer's disease diagnosis rates can be improved, the implications of an early diagnosis for the individual, carer and society, and the importance of risk reduction to prevent or delay progression. Although no disease-modifying agents capable of reversing the initial pathological changes are currently available, it may be possible to prevent or delay the development of dementia in a proportion of the population by modifying exposure to common risk factors. In other individuals, diagnosing the disease or risk of disease early is still valuable so that the individual and their carers have time to make choices and plan for the future, and to allow access to treatments that can help manage symptoms. Primary healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in recognising individuals at risk, recommending lifestyle changes in mid-adult life that can prevent or slow down the disease, and in timely diagnosis. Early intervention is the optimal strategy, because the patient's level of function is preserved for longer.