Customer- and supplier-driven externalities
Customer- and supplier-driven externalities
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客户和供应商驱动的外部性
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Lyons
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Bartelsman;Ricardo J. Caballero;R. Lyons
本文的目的是提供经验证据有助于区分不同类型的外部性。我们通过扩展Robert E. Hall（1990）以及Caballero和里昂（1990，1992）利用了数据的两个关键维度：分解投入产出关系以及强调时间序列与数据横截面方面的估计之间的差异。我们得到三个主要结果。首先，从强调各行业共同的时间序列属性的“内部”估计（使用年度数据）中，我们发现行业生产率和客户活动水平（投入增长）之间存在强有力的简化关系。与此形成鲜明对比的是，供应商的活动水平微不足道。第二个结果来自“之间”估计，强调数据的横截面维度。在这里，我们发现相反的是真实的：有一个强大的简化形式之间的关系，行业生产率和供应商的活动水平，但没有关系与客户的活动水平。我们解释的前两个结果表明，在较短的时间内，一个行业和它的客户之间的联系是关键的外部效应的传递，而在长期的外部效应主要是与中间产品的联系。第三个结果涉及从短期到长期的过渡。我们发现，随着变量平均的周期数从一年到整个样本周期（27年）逐渐增加，客户对供应商的重要性平稳地反转。本文的其余部分分为四个部分。第一节介绍了核心模型和计量经济学方法来解开外部效应;第二节介绍了数据和估计;第三节介绍了主要结果;我们的结论在第四节。
The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence helpful for distinguishing different types of externalities. We pursue this by extending the productionfunction framework of Robert E. Hall (1990) and Caballero and Lyons (1990, 1992) to exploit two key dimensions of the data: disaggregate input-output relationships and differences between estimates emphasizing time-series versus cross-sectional aspects of the data. We obtain three main results. First, from the "within" estimates (using annual data), which emphasize the time-series properties common across sectors, we find a strong reduced-form relationship between industry productivity and the activity level (input growth) of customers. In sharp contrast, supplier activity levels are insignificant. The second result derives from "between" estimates, which emphasize the cross-sectional dimension of the data. Here, we find the opposite is true: there is a strong reduced-form relationship between industry productivity and the activity level of suppliers, but no relationship with customer activity levels. We interpret the first two results as suggesting that over shorter horizons the linkage between an industry and its customers is pivotal in the transmission of external effects, while in the long run external effects are mostly related to intermediate goods linkages. The third result concerns the transition from short to long run. We find that as the number of periods over which the variables are averaged is incrementally increased from one year toward the full sample period (27 years), the significance of customers versus suppliers smoothly reverses itself. The remainder of the paper is organized in four sections. Section I presents the core model and the econometric methods for disentangling the external effects; Section II describes the data and estimation; Section III presents the main results; and our conclusions are presented in Section IV.