Single master regulatory gene coordinates the evolution and development of butterfly color and iridescence
Single master regulatory gene coordinates the evolution and development of butterfly color and iridescence
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1709058114
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发表时间：
2017-10-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Reed, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang, Linlin;Mazo-Vargas, Anyi;Reed, Robert D.
optix基因已被牵连在蝴蝶翅膀图案适应的遗传关联，定位和表达的研究。然而，该基因的实际发育功能仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑来证明optix在蛱蝶翅膀图案发育中起着重要作用，它是确定所有彩色着色所必需的。四个物种的optix基因敲除显示黑色素完全取代了色素，色素相关基因表达也发生了相应的变化，从而产生了黑色和灰色的蝴蝶。我们还表明，optix同时作为一个开关基因的蓝色结构虹彩在一些蝴蝶，表现出简单的监管协调的结构和色素着色。值得注意的是，这些optix基因敲除现象复制了蝴蝶在许多独立场合出现的反复出现的“黑色和蓝色”翅膀图案原型。在这里，我们展示了一个简单的遗传基础结构着色，并显示optix蝴蝶翅膀图案的发展中发挥着非常保守的作用。
The optix gene has been implicated in butterfly wing pattern adaptation by genetic association, mapping, and expression studies. The actual developmental function of this gene has remained unclear, however. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to show that optix plays a fundamental role in nymphalid butterfly wing pattern development, where it is required for determination of all chromatic coloration. optix knockouts in four species show complete replacement of color pigments with melanins, with corresponding changes in pigment-related gene expression, resulting in black and gray butterflies. We also show that optix simultaneously acts as a switch gene for blue structural iridescence in some butterflies, demonstrating simple regulatory coordination of structural and pigmentary coloration. Remarkably, these optix knockouts phenocopy the recurring "black and blue" wing pattern archetype that has arisen on many independent occasions in butterflies. Here we demonstrate a simple genetic basis for structural coloration, and show that optix plays a deeply conserved role in butterfly wing pattern development.