Boudinage and two-stage folding of oblique single layers under coaxial plane strain: Layer rotation around the axis of no change (Y)

Boudinage and two-stage folding of oblique single layers under coaxial plane strain: Layer rotation around the axis of no change (Y)
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同轴平面应变下倾斜单层的布丁纳奇和两级折叠:绕无变化轴(Y)的层旋转

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104023
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Hattingen
Hattingen
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zulauf;Zulauf;Hattingen

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采用非线性粘塑性岩石模拟模型,研究了不同层位倾角对同轴平面应变作用下单层褶皱和块体几何形状的影响。进行了两个不同层间黏度比的变形系列(m=0.18和0.82)。θZ(I)与短轴的初始夹角从0°逐渐变化到90°,变化幅度为11.25°的倍数。在θZ(I)<30°处的缩短是由层增厚和两阶段褶皱调节的。低波长F1折叠被大波长同轴F2折叠重折叠,两者具有相似的紧致程度。随着层倾角的增加,折叠的数量和F2折叠的不对称度减小,F1折叠和F2折叠的大小接近。尽管整体缩短率很高(Ez=−70%),但旋转的不对称皱折的长肢没有束状。然而,布丁是通过在θZ(I)>60°处通过颈缩和拉伸断裂相结合的方式形成的。由于高的有限应变和相关的层旋转,这些束不是不对称的(正如预期的),而是对称的。类似于本研究中产生的褶皱和褶皱出现在盐岩和结晶基底中,在更深的构造层次上变形。
Scaled analogue modelling using non-linear viscous plasticine as rock analogue has been carried out to investigate the influence of varying layer obliquity on the geometry of single-layer folds and boudins under bulk coaxial plane strain. Two deformation series with different viscosity ratio between layer and matrix (m= 18 and 82) were carried out. The initial angle between shortening axis and competent layer (θZ(i)) was gradually changed from 0° to 90° by multiples of 11.25°. Shortening atθZ(i)< 30° was accommodated by layer thickening and two-stage folding. Low-wavelength F1-folds were refolded by large-wavelength homoaxial F2-folds, both with similar degree of tightness. With increasing layer obliquity, the number of folds and the degree of F2-fold asymmetry decrease, and F1- and F2-folds approximate in size. Although bulk shortening was high (eZ= −70%), the rotated long limbs of asymmetric folds are free from boudinage. Boudins, however, developed by combined necking and tensile fracturing atθZ(i)> 60°. Because of the high finite strain and related layer rotation, these boudins are not asymmetric (as expected) but symmetric. Folds and boudins like those produced in the present study occur in salt rocks and in crystalline basement deformed at deeper structural levels.
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