Antibiotics and temperature interact to disrupt soil communities and nutrient cycling
Antibiotics and temperature interact to disrupt soil communities and nutrient cycling
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DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108437
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
J. Lucas;Bronte S. Sone;Dana Whitmore;M. Strickland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Lucas;Bronte S. Sone;Dana Whitmore;M. Strickland
土壤具有巨大的多样性，并支持陆地生态系统功能，但它们面临着人为和环境的双重压力。虽然许多研究已经检查了单个压力源对土壤的影响，但这些扰动如何相互作用以形成土壤群落及其循环养分的能力远未得到解决。在这里，我们假设当土壤经历多种压力时，它们维持连接和稳定群落的能力被破坏，导致C和N库的变化。为了验证这一点，我们在代表季节变化的三种温度（15、20和30°C）下保持土壤，并引入高剂量或低剂量的常见家畜抗生素莫能菌素。我们通过扩增子测序和网络分析监测呼吸和微生物群落的变化。我们还研究了土壤C和N库，以了解温度和抗生素如何影响生态系统功能。我们发现抗生素和不断上升的土壤温度相互作用，破坏了细菌的组合和网络结构，从而导致真菌优势地位的上升和土壤营养化学计量的变化。单独使用抗生素会降低细菌多样性、丰度、总可提取氮和微生物碳利用效率，同时增加生物有效碳。较高的温度会使真菌群落组成均匀化，降低溶解有机碳，增加土壤呼吸速率。这些结果强调，当土壤受到多重压力时，生态系统的效率、稳定性和恢复力可能会降低。
Soils contain immense diversity and support terrestrial ecosystem functions, but they face both anthropogenic and environmental stressors. While many studies have examined the influence of individual stressors on soils, how these perturbations will interact to shape soil communities and their ability to cycle nutrients is far less resolved. Here, we hypothesized that when soils experience multiple stressors their ability to maintain connected and stable communities is disrupted, leading to shifts in C and N pools. To test this, we maintained soils across three temperatures representative of seasonal variability (15, 20 and 30 °C) and introduced high or low doses of the common livestock antibiotic Monensin. We monitored respiration and examined changes to microbial communities through amplicon sequencing and network analyses. We also examined soil C and N pools to understand how temperature and antibiotics shape ecosystem function. We found that antibiotics and rising soil temperatures interacted to disrupt bacterial assemblages and network structure, allowing for a rise in fungal dominance and change in soil nutrient stoichiometry. Antibiotics alone decreased bacterial diversity, abundance, total extractable N, and microbial carbon use efficiency, while increasing bioavailable C. Higher temperatures independently homogenized fungal community composition, decreased dissolved organic C and increased soil respiration rates. These results emphasize that as soils encounter multiple stressors, ecosystem efficiency, stability and resilience may be diminished.