Depletion of a resource? The impact of prehistoric human foraging on intertidal mollusc communities and its significance for human settlement, mobility and dispersal
Depletion of a resource? The impact of prehistoric human foraging on intertidal mollusc communities and its significance for human settlement, mobility and dispersal
复制标题
资源枯竭？
DOI：
10.1080/00438240120107477
复制
发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
K. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Mannino;K. Thomas
民族生态学研究表明，即使是相对较小规模的人类觅食活动也会对目标贝类物种和潮间带生物群落结构产生影响。有令人信服的考古证据表明，世界各地的人们经常对贝类种群产生消耗作用。贝类和其他海洋资源有时被认为是低等级的食物，沿海考古遗址往往被解释为临时（可能是季节性的）开采这些“劣质”食物资源的场所。这一模型受到了大西洋欧洲中全新世中石器时代狩猎采集遗址研究的挑战，这些研究表明，海洋食物是总饮食的主要组成部分，人类觅食会耗尽贝类资源。虽然以沿海资源为基础的生计系统在饮食方面可能是可行和可以接受的，但要使其可持续，就必须有定期的流动。在较长的时间尺度上，这种沿海流动可能导致人口分散。与早期解剖学现代人类相关的遗址显示了沿海适应的古老性，包括贝类的消费，以及早期现代人类从非洲到东南亚和“大澳大利亚”的传播可能是通过沿海环境。这种沿海扩散可能是由早期人类觅食者对潮间带食物资源的影响所驱动的，至少部分是如此。沿海地区的资源枯竭可能是人类首先造成的重大但规模较小的“生态影响”之一。
Ethnoecological studies have demonstrated the impacts that even relatively small-scale human foraging has on targeted species of shellfish and the structure of biological communities in intertidal zones. There is compelling archaeological evidence that people in various parts of the world often had a depleting effect on shellfish populations. Shellfish and other marine resources have sometimes been perceived as lowly ranked foods and coastal archaeological sites have often been interpreted as temporary (possibly seasonal) sites for the exploitation of these 'inferior' food resources. This model has been challenged by studies of mid-Holocene Mesolithic hunter-gatherer sites in Atlantic Europe, which have shown that marine foods were the main component of the total diet and that human foraging can deplete shellfish resources. Although subsistence systems based on coastal resources might have been both viable and acceptable in dietary terms, regular mobility would have been necessary for them to be sustainable. On longer time scales, such coastal mobility might result in population dispersal. Sites associated with early anatomically modern humans show the antiquity of coastal adaptations, including the consumption of shellfish, and the dispersal of early modern humans out of Africa into south-east Asia and 'Greater Australia' could have been through coastal environments. This coastal dispersal could have been driven, at least in part, by the impact of early human foragers on intertidal food resources. Resource depletion in coastal zones was probably among the first significant, but small-scale, 'ecological impacts' of human beings.