PHYLOGENETIC PATTERN AND THE QUANTIFICATION OF ORGANISMAL BIODIVERSITY
PHYLOGENETIC PATTERN AND THE QUANTIFICATION OF ORGANISMAL BIODIVERSITY
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1994.0085
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发表时间：
1994-07-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
FAITH, DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FAITH, DP
生物多样性可在若干不同层面上加以探讨，原则上可在每一层面上分别加以量化。系统发生模式有可能在最精细的尺度上量化和估计生物多样性，即物种之间在特征或属性上的差异。这一尺度对保护工作很重要，因为它应该成为在物种一级优先保护工作的基础。此外，最近发表的反对意见，差异加权物种回答定义选项值在这个功能级别。不幸的是，对于如何利用遗传学来评估物种的价值，人们还没有达成共识，这可能是因为对模式和潜在特征之间联系的适当考虑还没有得到解决。“系统发育多样性”（PD）只是明确考虑特征层次多样性的几种方法之一。这些替代方法进行了讨论的背景下，使用模式来量化的多样性在一个低于原来的对象的水平的一般框架。模式框架强调，估计生物多样性在较低的水平上使用模式将需要决定多样性的单位的性质，使用的模式，模式相关的单位项目的模式，最后，这意味着一个模式为基础的措施，反映生物多样性。另一种已发表的模型有关功能的一种特定形式的系统发育模式被认为是，并表明作出不必要的假设。一个可能的替代定义的多样性的基本单位进行检查，这可能代表一种不同形式的期权价值，也可以量化使用的遗传学。一个可能的替代模式的系统发育树的预测功能多样性进行了讨论。这些替代方法的吸引力取决于保护的目标;此外，优先排序或加权的理由要求任何实际的方法避免武断，毫无根据的假设。
Biodiversity can be explored at a number of different levels and in principle may be separately quantified at each. Phylogenetic pattern has the potential to quantify and estimate biodiversity at the finest scale, that is, variation among species in features or attributes. This scale is an important one for conservation, as it should form the basis for prioritizing conservation efforts at the species level. Further, recent published objections to differentially weighting species are answered by defining option value at this feature-level. Unfortunately, there has been no consensus on exactly how phylogeny can be used to value species, possibly because proper consideration of the link between pattern and underlying features generally has been unresolved. 'Phylogenetic diversity' (PD) represents just one of several approaches that do consider diversity at the feature-level explicitly. These alternative approaches are discussed in the context of a general framework for using pattern to quantify diversity at a level below that of the original objects. The pattern framework highlights that estimation of biodiversity at a lower level using pattern will require decisions about the nature of the units of diversity, the kind of pattern to be used, the model relating unit items to pattern, and finally how this implies a pattern-based measure reflecting biodiversity. An alternative published model for relating features to a particular form of phylogenetic pattern is considered, and shown to make unwarranted assumptions. A possible alternative definition of the underlying units of diversity is examined, which may represent a different form of option value, also quantifiable using phylogeny. A possible alternative pattern to a phylogenetic tree for the prediction of feature diversity is also discussed. The appeal of these alternative approaches depends on the goals of conservation; in addition, justification for prioritizing or weighting requires that any practical approach avoid arbitrary, unwarranted, assumptions.