Novel test procedure to evaluate the treatability of wastewater with ozone.
Novel test procedure to evaluate the treatability of wastewater with ozone.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.030
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Y. Schindler Wildhaber;H. Měšťánková;M. Schärer;K. Schirmer;E. Salhi;U. von Gunten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Schindler Wildhaber;H. Měšťánková;M. Schärer;K. Schirmer;E. Salhi;U. von Gunten
有机微污染物，如药物、雌激素或农药，通过城市污水处理厂（WWTPs）的流出物不断进入环境。臭氧（O3）强化处理废水（WW）可能是减少有机微污染物排放到水生环境的最简单措施之一。在臭氧化过程中，处理后的废水中存在的大多数有机微污染物要么通过与o3的直接反应被氧化，要么通过次生形成的羟基自由基（自由基dotOH）被氧化。然而，从基体组分的氧化转化也可以形成不希望的氧化副产物。提出了基于先前调查结果的模块化实验室决策工具，以测试臭氧化作为升级特定污水处理厂的选项的可行性。这些模块包括调查，以评估(i)基质对臭氧稳定性的影响，（ii）微污染物去除的效率，（iii）氧化副产物的形成，以及（iv）测量经处理的WWs的特异性和非特异性毒性的生物测定。基质对臭氧稳定性的影响（量化为臭氧和自由基dotOH暴露）可以为臭氧化步骤的适用性提供初步指示。广泛的生物测定表明，臭氧化产生o3的WWs和自由基dotOH暴露以及类似参考值的微污染物减排引起了水质的显着改善。臭氧化的不规则行为指向未知的化合物，可能导致不需要的降解产物的形成。据观察，臭氧化在一定程度上增强了WWs的毒性。总之，所提出的分层实验室测试程序代表了一种相对廉价和直接的方法，用于评估臭氧化升级特定污水处理厂以去除微污染物的可行性，该方法基于化学和生物测量。
Organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, estrogens or pesticides enter the environment continuously through the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enhanced treatment of wastewater (WW) by ozone (O3) is probably one of the simplest measures for abatement of organic micropollutants to avoid their discharge to the aquatic environment. During ozonation most organic micropollutants present in treated WW are oxidized either by a direct reaction with O3or by secondarily formed hydroxyl radicals (radical dotOH). However, undesired oxidation by-products from the oxidative transformation of matrix components can also be formed. A modular laboratory decision tool based on the findings of previous investigations is presented to test the feasibility of ozonation as an option to upgrade specific WWTPs. These modules consist of investigations to assess (i) the matrix effects on ozone stability, (ii) the efficiency of micropollutant removal, (iii) the oxidation by-product formation, as well as (iv) bioassays to measure specific and unspecific toxicity of the treated WWs.Matrix effects on ozone stability (quantified as O3and radical dotOH exposures) can give first indications on the suitability of an ozonation step. Ozonation of WWs yielding O3and radical dotOH exposures and micropollutant abatement similar to reference values evoked a significant improvement of the water quality as indicated by a broad range of bioassays. Irregular behavior of the ozonation points towards unknown compounds, possibly leading to the formation of undesired degradation products. It has been observed that in such WWs ozonation partly enhanced toxicity. In summary, the presented tiered laboratory test procedure represents a relatively cheap and straight-forward methodology to evaluate the feasibility of ozonation to upgrade specific WWTPs for micropollutant removal based on chemical and biological measurements.