The Great Bovine Pestilence and its Economic and Environmental Consequences in England and Wales, 1318–50
The Great Bovine Pestilence and its Economic and Environmental Consequences in England and Wales, 1318–50
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英格兰和威尔士的牛瘟及其经济和环境后果，1318-50
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-0289.2011.00625.x
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Philip Slavin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Philip Slavin
本文旨在确定1318年至1350年间英格兰和威尔士牛大瘟疫的性质、程度和影响。1319年至1320年间，英格兰和威尔士约62%的牛被杀，这场屠杀对中世纪晚期的领主和农民农业都产生了巨大的影响。特别是，瘟疫减少了奶牛的总体数量，降低了可供人类消费的牛奶供应的总体水平。1319-20年的牛危机和随后的蛋白质短缺是否可能削弱了人类的免疫系统，使他们在大约30年后容易感染瘟疫？
The present article seeks to identify the nature, extent, and impact of the Great Bovine Pestilence in England and Wales, between 1318 and 1350. The murrain, which killed around 62 per cent of the bovine animals in England and Wales in 1319–20, had a tremendous impact within both the seigniorial and peasant sectors of late medieval agriculture. In particular, the pestilence, which decreased the overall population of dairy cattle, depressed the overall levels of milk supply available for human consumption. Is it possible that the bovine crisis of 1319–20, and the subsequent protein shortage, were instrumental in weakening the immune system of humans and making them prone to the pestilence some 30 years later?