Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation
Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation
复制标题
暴涨期间希格斯真空不稳定性的时空动力学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Zurek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. East;John Kearney;B. Shakya;H. Yoo;K. Zurek
标准模型的一个值得注意的预测是，在没有提高能量密度的修正的情况下，希格斯势在大场值处变为负值。如果希格斯场在暴胀期间对这部分势能进行采样，则负能量密度可能会局部破坏时空的稳定性。我们使用爱因斯坦方程的数值模拟来研究通货膨胀引起的希格斯波动在向真实（负能量）最小值增长时的演化。这些模拟表明，在膨胀过程中在我们过去的光锥中形成一片真正的真空与我们宇宙的存在是不相容的；真真空区域的边界以一种与内部破碎的因果断开方式向外生长，形成黑洞。我们还发现这些黑洞视界可能被任意拉长，甚至形成黑弦，这违反了箍猜想。通过将福克-普朗克方程的数值解扩展到大场值下场分布的指数抑制尾部，我们得出了张量与标量比的未来测量与希格斯势必须接受稳定修正的尺度之间的严格相关性，以便宇宙能够在通货膨胀中幸存下来直到今天。
A remarkable prediction of the Standard Model is that, in the absence of corrections lifting the energy density, the Higgs potential becomes negative at large field values. If the Higgs field samples this part of the potential during inflation, the negative energy density may locally destabilize the spacetime. We use numerical simulations of the Einstein equations to study the evolution of inflation-induced Higgs fluctuations as they grow towards the true (negative-energy) minimum. These simulations show that forming a single patch of true vacuum in our past light cone during inflation is incompatible with the existence of our Universe; the boundary of the true vacuum region grows outward in a causally disconnected manner from the crunching interior, which forms a black hole. We also find that these black hole horizons may be arbitrarily elongated—even forming black strings—in violation of the hoop conjecture. By extending the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation to the exponentially suppressed tails of the field distribution at large field values, we derive a rigorous correlation between a future measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the scale at which the Higgs potential must receive stabilizing corrections in order for the Universe to have survived inflation until today.