Thermal regime of rock and its relation to snow cover in steep alpine rock walls: gemsstock, central swiss alps
Thermal regime of rock and its relation to snow cover in steep alpine rock walls: gemsstock, central swiss alps
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陡峭的高山岩壁中岩石的热状况及其与积雪的关系：瑞士中部阿尔卑斯山的 Gemsstock
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
M. Hoelzle
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Haberkorn;M. Phillips;R. Kenner;H. Rhyner;M. Bavay;Stephan Galos;M. Hoelzle
摘要积雪影响着冻结岩墙的热状态和稳定性。在这项研究中，我们调查和模拟的影响，空间变化的积雪对热制度的陡峭的永久冻土岩壁。这对于更详细地了解引起岩石温度和冻结岩石的冰和水含量变化的热和机械过程是必要的，这些变化可能导致岩石壁不稳定。为了评估积雪的时空演变和影响，自2012年以来，在陡峭的南北向岩壁上的两个选定点进行了详细的测量。与此同时，一维能量平衡模型SNOWPACK被用来模拟积雪对岩壁热状况的影响。为此，采用了具有高时间分辨率的多方法方法，结合气象、钻孔岩石温度和地形参数测量。为了验证地面热状况和季节性变化积雪的结果，将模型输出与近地表岩石温度测量值和远程积雪观测值进行比较。由于微地形结构，在粗糙地形中，在坡度高达70°时，没有观察到雪深减少。南北向斜坡之间岩石温度的强烈对比是由于太阳辐射、斜坡角度以及积雪覆盖的时间和深度的差异。SNOWPACK被证明是有用的光滑，均匀的岩石斜坡积雪-岩石相互作用的建模。
Abstract Snow cover influences the thermal regime and stability of frozen rock walls. In this study, we investigate and model the impact of the spatially variable snow cover on the thermal regime of steep permafrost rock walls. This is necessary for a more detailed understanding of the thermal and mechanical processes causing changes in rock temperature and in the ice and water contents of frozen rock, which possibly lead to rock wall instability. To assess the temporal and spatial evolution and influence of the snow, detailed measurements have been carried out at two selected points in steep north‐ and south‐facing rock walls since 2012. In parallel, the one‐dimensional energy balance model SNOWPACK is used to simulate the effects of snow cover on the thermal regime of the rock walls. For this, a multi‐method approach with high temporal resolution is applied, combining meteorological, borehole rock temperature and terrain parameter measurements. To validate the results obtained for the ground thermal regime and the seasonally varying snowpack, the model output is compared with near‐surface rock temperature measurements and remote snow cover observations. No decrease of snow depth at slope angles up to 70° was observed in rough terrain due to micro‐topographic structures. Strong contrasts in rock temperatures between north‐ and south‐facing slopes are due to differences in solar radiation, slope angle and the timing and depth of the snow cover. SNOWPACK proved to be useful for modelling snow cover–rock interactions in smooth, homogenous rock slopes.