Marine Oil Snow, a Microbial Perspective
Marine Oil Snow, a Microbial Perspective
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.619484
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Benjamin H Gregson;B. McKew;R. Holland;T. Nedwed;R. Prince;T. McGenity
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文献类型：
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作者：
Benjamin H Gregson;B. McKew;R. Holland;T. Nedwed;R. Prince;T. McGenity
在一定条件下，分散在海洋中的原油与生物、有机物和矿物质结合形成海洋油雪（MOS），从而有助于石油沉降到海底。海洋微生物是MOS形成的主要参与者，特别是通过产生胞外聚合物。不同的微生物群体也在下降过程中消耗大部分烃，导致残渣中生物利用度较低的烃和沥青质富集。在这里，我们讨论了MOS中微生物群落的动态及其对MOS进化的影响。我们探讨了分散剂应用对MOS形成的影响，并考虑了实验室实验调查MOS形成的方式可以更好地代表海洋环境中的情况，这反过来又将提高我们对MOS对溢油命运的贡献的理解。
Under certain conditions, dispersed crude oil in the sea combines with organisms, organic matter, and minerals to form marine oil snow (MOS), thereby contributing to the sinking of oil to the seafloor. Marine microbes are the main players in MOS formation, particularly via the production of extracellular polymeric substances. Distinct groups of microbes also consume the majority of the hydrocarbons during descent, leading to enrichment of the less bioavailable hydrocarbons and asphaltenes in the residue. Here we discuss the dynamics of microbial communities in MOS together with their impacts on MOS evolution. We explore the effects of dispersant application on MOS formation, and consider ways in which laboratory experiments investigating MOS formation can be more representative of the situation in the marine environment, which in turn will improve our understanding of the contribution of MOS to the fate of spilled oil.