'When the tongue slips it tells the truth': tricks and truths of the Renaissance lapsus *
'When the tongue slips it tells the truth': tricks and truths of the Renaissance lapsus *
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“当舌头滑倒时，它会说出真相”：文艺复兴时期失误的诡计与真相 *
DOI：
10.1111/rest.12201
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
Brancher D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brancher D
与八卦和胡言乱语一样，失误也是一种超出说话人意图的语言。本文考察了文艺复兴时期话语失误的各种表现形式：它是与说话者有关还是与听话者有关？失误和双关语之间的界限是什么？用什么标准来区分说话时不加思考和故意说话，把无辜的错误和刻意的欺骗区分开来？事实上，也有一些虚假失误的案例，这些错误是被精心策划的，目的是让违规的声明得以自由发挥。在这些情况下，存在着出于战略目的故意使用明显的不知不觉。在16世纪，作者的意图受到了一个新的类别的挑战，即作者注意力不集中，这是为了逃避审查而发展起来的一种手段。在文艺复兴时期，由于翻译和固定话语方面的技术进步，以及欧洲社会的纪律，这一现象具有了新的重要性。在欧洲社会，行为书籍通过规定越来越严格的行为和言论准则来遏制冲动的表达。许多人对失控的语言感兴趣，特别是在宗教、法律或政治背景下。这一失误不能被视为无害的缺乏严谨性：当它固定在印刷上时，它会成为一个真正的威胁，确保了广泛的发行量。
The lapsus, like gossip and nonsense, is a type of language that exceeds – or claims to exceed – the speaker's intent. This article investigates various manifestations of the lapsus in Renaissance discourse: does it pertain to the speaker or the hearer? What are the frontiers between the lapsus and the pun? What criteria separate speaking without thinking from speaking deliberately, an innocent mistake from calculated duplicity? Indeed, there are cases of false lapsus, orchestrated to give free rein to transgressive statements. In these there is a deliberate use of apparent unawareness for strategic purposes. In the sixteenth century,authorial intentionwas challenged by a new category,authorial inattention, which was developed as a means to escape the censors. The phenomenon takes on new importance during the Renaissance owing to technological advances in translating and fixing discourse, and also to the disciplining of European society, in which conduct books rein in impulsive expression by dictating increasingly strict codes of behaviour and speech. Many were interested in language that moved out of control, particularly in a religious, legal or political context. The lapsus cannot be viewed as a harmless lack of rigour: it becomes a real threat when fixed in print, ensuring a wide circulation.